1 00:00:52,385 --> 00:00:56,412 THE BATTLE OF CHILE 2 00:00:56,589 --> 00:01:00,719 The struggle of an unarmed people 3 00:01:02,462 --> 00:01:06,421 Part Two THE COUP D'ETAT 4 00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:10,967 a Patricio Guzmán Film 5 00:02:41,361 --> 00:02:45,127 In memory of Jorge Müller Silva 6 00:02:56,175 --> 00:03:00,202 Santiago de Chile, June 29, 1973. 7 00:03:00,713 --> 00:03:04,274 Unable to remove President Allende constitutionally 8 00:03:04,484 --> 00:03:07,976 the U.S. Government and the Chilean opposition 9 00:03:08,187 --> 00:03:10,781 opt for the strategy of a coup. 10 00:03:21,634 --> 00:03:24,262 After its defeat in the presidential elections 11 00:03:24,470 --> 00:03:25,994 in March, 1973 12 00:03:26,072 --> 00:03:29,303 the opposition sets the wheel firmly in motion for a planned uprising. 13 00:03:31,377 --> 00:03:34,505 On June 29, at 09.00 a.m. 14 00:03:34,681 --> 00:03:38,173 a single regiment attacks the government palace with 6 tanks. 15 00:03:52,465 --> 00:03:53,591 Shortly after 16 00:03:53,833 --> 00:03:56,961 an Argentinean journalist films his own death. 17 00:03:59,038 --> 00:04:02,371 He also records, two months before the final coup 18 00:04:02,542 --> 00:04:05,705 the true face of a sector of the Chilean army. 19 00:04:21,060 --> 00:04:22,459 For an hour 20 00:04:22,662 --> 00:04:25,324 the tanks exchange fire with the presidential guard 21 00:04:25,565 --> 00:04:28,033 who are inside the La Moneda Palace. 22 00:04:28,568 --> 00:04:32,004 22 people die during these first moments. 23 00:04:32,171 --> 00:04:34,162 Parliament, the Judicial Power 24 00:04:34,440 --> 00:04:37,273 and the opposition parties are silent. 25 00:04:49,222 --> 00:04:52,453 However, the rebel troops don't receive support 26 00:04:52,692 --> 00:04:54,717 from the rest of the armed forces. 27 00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:02,794 Perhaps thinking that conditions are not yet right 28 00:05:03,002 --> 00:05:04,526 for a successful rising 29 00:05:04,771 --> 00:05:07,433 the other officers don't join in this action. 30 00:05:08,007 --> 00:05:11,204 Meanwhile, loyal troops begin the first counter-attack 31 00:05:11,344 --> 00:05:12,709 to break the siege. 32 00:05:12,912 --> 00:05:14,709 Watch out! Over there! 33 00:05:18,651 --> 00:05:20,346 Don't shoot, bastards! 34 00:05:24,157 --> 00:05:26,751 At 10:30, more loyal soldiers are mobilized 35 00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:28,928 towards the city center. 36 00:05:29,128 --> 00:05:31,790 Advancing on the Panamerican road into the capital 37 00:05:31,898 --> 00:05:34,890 are 10 artillery regiment troop transporters 38 00:05:35,101 --> 00:05:37,126 from the city of San Felipe. 39 00:05:38,037 --> 00:05:41,302 The civilian population must stay calm. 40 00:06:04,764 --> 00:06:06,755 After a brief confrontation 41 00:06:06,966 --> 00:06:09,059 the rebel tanks begin to withdraw. 42 00:06:09,235 --> 00:06:10,896 The Commander-in-Chief of the Army 43 00:06:11,104 --> 00:06:14,335 Gen. Carlos Prats, directs the operations personally. 44 00:06:18,278 --> 00:06:21,008 At 11:00 a.m., with fighting still going on 45 00:06:21,247 --> 00:06:22,646 the President of the Republic 46 00:06:22,915 --> 00:06:24,940 goes into the palace. 47 00:06:25,218 --> 00:06:27,846 Just then, another column of loyal soldiers arrives 48 00:06:28,020 --> 00:06:31,387 headed by the Minister of Defense, José Tohá. 49 00:06:31,457 --> 00:06:34,290 Young Communists of Chile! 50 00:06:34,527 --> 00:06:36,961 Long live the workers' president! 51 00:06:41,200 --> 00:06:48,424 Fight and create popular power! 52 00:06:48,641 --> 00:06:55,626 Fight and create popular power! 53 00:06:59,385 --> 00:07:01,080 The situation is being controlled 54 00:07:01,287 --> 00:07:04,381 but some troops have not yet surrendered. 55 00:07:04,590 --> 00:07:07,718 Even as they withdraw, the tanks are still firing. 56 00:07:08,161 --> 00:07:10,288 José Tohá, Minister of Defense 57 00:07:10,496 --> 00:07:13,932 tries to instill calm in the face of possible danger. 58 00:07:14,233 --> 00:07:17,532 He is assisted in this task by Gen. Pickering. 59 00:07:18,037 --> 00:07:20,198 Minister, if we don't control these people 60 00:07:20,440 --> 00:07:23,238 there'll be a massacre. Help me, please. 61 00:07:23,476 --> 00:07:26,934 Get out of here, please! Move away! 62 00:07:27,180 --> 00:07:29,740 If you don't move, someone might get killed. 63 00:07:33,753 --> 00:07:38,281 Generals Pickering, Sepúlveda and Prats lead the officers 64 00:07:38,458 --> 00:07:40,255 most determined to suppress the rising. 65 00:07:40,426 --> 00:07:44,556 Other commanders, however, merely wait expectantly. 66 00:07:45,031 --> 00:07:47,090 Such is the case with Augusto Pinochet 67 00:07:47,333 --> 00:07:49,164 later Head of the Military Government 68 00:07:49,369 --> 00:07:51,667 who now joins in with the loyal forces. 69 00:07:53,206 --> 00:07:57,905 At 11:30, Gen. Carlos Prats assures the Minister of Defense 70 00:07:58,077 --> 00:07:59,601 that the rebels have surrendered 71 00:07:59,845 --> 00:08:02,279 and shows the positions of his own troops. 72 00:08:02,715 --> 00:08:05,616 On the south side of La Moneda is the Warrant Officers School 73 00:08:05,852 --> 00:08:08,719 and on the north side is the Buin Regiment. 74 00:08:09,655 --> 00:08:13,091 But Gen. Prats will think it essential 75 00:08:13,259 --> 00:08:16,660 to declare a State of Emergency to control the situation. 76 00:08:16,863 --> 00:08:19,024 We must request a State of Emergency at once. 77 00:08:19,499 --> 00:08:22,024 We can't control the situation otherwise. 78 00:08:27,840 --> 00:08:35,827 Allende, Allende, the people will defend you! 79 00:08:43,723 --> 00:08:47,557 At noon, with the defeat of the rising confirmed 80 00:08:47,793 --> 00:08:49,556 the Christian Democrats 81 00:08:49,829 --> 00:08:52,320 say that they support the constitutional regime. 82 00:08:53,032 --> 00:08:57,799 The other opposition group the National Party, refuses to comment. 83 00:08:58,004 --> 00:09:01,269 The leaders of the fascist group "Homeland and Freedom". 84 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:03,567 take refuge in the Ecuadorian embassy 85 00:09:03,743 --> 00:09:06,576 revealing themselves as the authors of the putsch. 86 00:09:09,949 --> 00:09:16,275 Use a heavy hand! 87 00:09:42,782 --> 00:09:46,047 At 6:00 p.m., the presidential flag is lowered 88 00:09:46,218 --> 00:09:48,243 by the guard who defended the palace. 89 00:09:48,821 --> 00:09:52,279 For two hours, this company, led by Lieut. Perez 90 00:09:52,491 --> 00:09:55,324 refused to hand over the seat of government. 91 00:09:55,728 --> 00:09:58,561 Along with Gen. Prats, they are the heroes of the day. 92 00:10:20,686 --> 00:10:23,246 The ease with which the attempted coup was crushed 93 00:10:23,456 --> 00:10:25,219 raises many questions. 94 00:10:25,424 --> 00:10:28,416 The rising showed that some officers were sympathetic 95 00:10:28,628 --> 00:10:32,359 and only the fear of having to face other army units 96 00:10:32,565 --> 00:10:34,726 prevented them from joining the rebellion. 97 00:10:35,167 --> 00:10:36,225 Consequently 98 00:10:36,435 --> 00:10:38,733 Allende relies on the constitutionalist officers 99 00:10:38,938 --> 00:10:41,202 rejecting any action which may weaken 100 00:10:41,407 --> 00:10:43,466 his government's legality. 101 00:10:43,943 --> 00:10:47,071 We shall make the revolutionary changes 102 00:10:47,279 --> 00:10:50,680 in pluralism, democracy and freedom 103 00:10:50,850 --> 00:10:52,977 which does not mean 104 00:10:53,185 --> 00:10:57,246 tolerance of anti-democrats 105 00:10:57,490 --> 00:11:00,391 tolerance of subversives 106 00:11:00,593 --> 00:11:04,393 or tolerance of fascists, comrades! 107 00:11:13,405 --> 00:11:20,959 Close the National Congress! 108 00:11:21,814 --> 00:11:24,282 But you must understand 109 00:11:24,516 --> 00:11:28,111 what the real position of this government is. 110 00:11:28,654 --> 00:11:31,623 I will not, because it would be absurd 111 00:11:31,824 --> 00:11:33,348 close 112 00:11:33,826 --> 00:11:35,384 the Congress. 113 00:11:35,661 --> 00:11:37,629 I'm not going to do it. 114 00:11:38,497 --> 00:11:40,226 I said 115 00:11:41,133 --> 00:11:43,431 I said respect 116 00:11:44,537 --> 00:11:47,597 But if it's necessary 117 00:11:48,007 --> 00:11:50,100 If it's necessary 118 00:11:50,309 --> 00:11:52,300 I shall present 119 00:11:52,478 --> 00:11:57,142 a bill to call a plebiscite 120 00:11:57,349 --> 00:11:59,249 and let the people resolve this question! 121 00:12:03,756 --> 00:12:11,549 Shitty "Mummies", the street belongs to the left! 122 00:12:12,932 --> 00:12:15,162 The next day, Allende asks Congress 123 00:12:15,401 --> 00:12:17,232 to declare a State of Emergency. 124 00:12:17,736 --> 00:12:19,829 Meanwhile, from the morning of June 29 125 00:12:19,972 --> 00:12:23,772 left-wing workers take control of factories, companies, 126 00:12:23,909 --> 00:12:26,844 mines and agricultural centers throughout Chile. 127 00:12:27,212 --> 00:12:35,005 Let's create popular power! 128 00:12:37,022 --> 00:12:40,287 Comrades, the conclusions of the 500 workers 129 00:12:40,493 --> 00:12:42,586 in the packing factory are the following: 130 00:12:42,895 --> 00:12:44,624 Strengthen the industrial belts. 131 00:12:44,830 --> 00:12:46,798 Strengthen the communal councils. 132 00:12:46,999 --> 00:12:49,934 Strengthen the neighborhood groups and the COPPs. 133 00:12:50,136 --> 00:12:52,604 Strengthen all the community organizations. 134 00:12:52,838 --> 00:12:56,296 We must take advantage of this opportunity 135 00:12:56,508 --> 00:12:57,873 and go on the offensive 136 00:12:58,077 --> 00:12:59,772 in terms of gaining new sectors 137 00:13:00,012 --> 00:13:02,344 and nationalizing new industries. 138 00:13:02,548 --> 00:13:04,982 We, the workers, are at our battle station 139 00:13:05,484 --> 00:13:09,477 our workplace, building the necessary elements 140 00:13:09,655 --> 00:13:13,318 to defend ourselves against any attack by fascism 141 00:13:13,526 --> 00:13:16,222 or any further attempts by the armed forces 142 00:13:16,428 --> 00:13:17,952 to overthrow the government. 143 00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:22,758 We believe we must strengthen our battle station 144 00:13:22,968 --> 00:13:24,868 which is, firstly, here in the industries 145 00:13:27,106 --> 00:13:30,564 At the same time, all forms of popular power are strengthened 146 00:13:30,742 --> 00:13:33,142 especially the industrial belts. 147 00:13:33,646 --> 00:13:36,740 Each belt is a group of factories and companies 148 00:13:36,949 --> 00:13:39,747 which coordinates the tasks of workers in the same zone. 149 00:13:41,020 --> 00:13:42,715 In the country's main cities 150 00:13:42,955 --> 00:13:45,480 31 industrial belts have been set up. 151 00:13:45,724 --> 00:13:48,284 8 of these are in Santiago. 152 00:13:48,494 --> 00:13:50,655 - Who do you represent? - The "Macul" belt. 153 00:13:51,230 --> 00:13:52,857 - And you? - The "Macul" belt. 154 00:13:53,065 --> 00:13:54,999 - And you? - The "Cerrillos-Maip" belt. 155 00:13:55,234 --> 00:13:57,225 - And you? - The "Cerrillos" belt. 156 00:13:57,536 --> 00:13:59,436 - And you? - The "Vicua Mackenna" belt. 157 00:13:59,672 --> 00:14:01,264 - And you? - The "Vicua Mackenna" belt. 158 00:14:01,507 --> 00:14:03,134 - And you? - The "O'Higgins" belt. 159 00:14:03,642 --> 00:14:05,200 - And you? - The Christian Left. 160 00:14:05,644 --> 00:14:07,134 The Radical Party Union. 161 00:14:09,281 --> 00:14:12,648 The government, with the support of the belts 162 00:14:12,885 --> 00:14:15,718 puts some strategically important factories 163 00:14:15,955 --> 00:14:18,355 under legal State control. 164 00:14:18,557 --> 00:14:22,357 As we all know 165 00:14:22,862 --> 00:14:26,628 fascist groups tried to overthrow the Government 166 00:14:26,865 --> 00:14:29,527 and there are still repercussions from that. 167 00:14:29,969 --> 00:14:33,928 There is still a latent danger against a process 168 00:14:34,140 --> 00:14:37,109 which the working class began and has taken in hand. 169 00:14:38,377 --> 00:14:40,709 It has been resolved that 170 00:14:40,946 --> 00:14:45,508 given that the packaging and aluminum company Alusa 171 00:14:45,718 --> 00:14:47,879 has suspended delivery of its products 172 00:14:48,087 --> 00:14:51,750 which constitutes an obstruction to distribution 173 00:14:51,991 --> 00:14:55,483 and in view of the Supreme Decree no. 338 174 00:14:55,694 --> 00:15:00,028 and Law no. 16,464, I resolve 175 00:15:00,799 --> 00:15:04,633 firstly, the use of the industrial establishment 176 00:15:04,870 --> 00:15:06,337 is hereby requisitioned 177 00:15:06,605 --> 00:15:08,539 along with machines and other elements 178 00:15:08,807 --> 00:15:11,071 necessary for the production and/or distribution 179 00:15:11,310 --> 00:15:13,039 of the Alusa factory. 180 00:15:17,616 --> 00:15:21,416 On July 2, the law on the State o Emergency proposed by Allende. 181 00:15:21,620 --> 00:15:23,588 is submitted to Parliament. 182 00:15:23,922 --> 00:15:28,154 This law would grant the President special powers. 183 00:15:28,260 --> 00:15:30,888 With them, the President would b to appoint, transfer and dismis 184 00:15:31,163 --> 00:15:33,427 whatever military leaders he thought advisable. 185 00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:37,296 The floor is open to speakers. 186 00:15:38,404 --> 00:15:40,065 The debate is over. 187 00:15:44,376 --> 00:15:46,139 During the three previous governments 188 00:15:46,345 --> 00:15:50,076 the State of Emergency had been authorized twice. 189 00:15:53,185 --> 00:15:56,643 Those deputies who reject the proposal, raise their hands. 190 00:16:03,462 --> 00:16:06,226 The State of Emergency, the chief legal instrument 191 00:16:06,431 --> 00:16:09,264 for extreme situations, is not authorized. 192 00:16:10,502 --> 00:16:12,766 Result of the vote. 193 00:16:14,740 --> 00:16:17,937 The number of votes in favor, 52. 194 00:16:18,177 --> 00:16:20,645 The number of votes against, 81. 195 00:16:20,846 --> 00:16:23,280 The Executive's proposal is rejected. 196 00:16:24,983 --> 00:16:28,612 The Executive's initiative doesn't convince Parliament. 197 00:16:28,954 --> 00:16:31,718 The opposition parties think it unjustified 198 00:16:31,924 --> 00:16:34,256 to grant Allende special powers. 199 00:16:42,067 --> 00:16:46,504 On July 2, the same day as Cong rejects the State of Emergency, 200 00:16:46,638 --> 00:16:49,869 navy officers order their troops to carry out a raid in Valparaíso. 201 00:16:50,409 --> 00:16:53,242 A law on weapons control passed the previous year 202 00:16:53,512 --> 00:16:55,946 enables the military 203 00:16:56,148 --> 00:16:58,412 to carry out searches for weapons 204 00:16:58,617 --> 00:17:01,450 without a judicial order or government authorization. 205 00:17:02,621 --> 00:17:05,886 Despite increasing terrorist action by the extreme right 206 00:17:06,058 --> 00:17:10,188 this law has never before been enforced by the military. 207 00:17:15,234 --> 00:17:18,397 Each raid includes besieging the factory 208 00:17:18,637 --> 00:17:20,571 the temporary detention of the workers 209 00:17:20,773 --> 00:17:22,707 and their interrogation. 210 00:17:22,975 --> 00:17:24,966 Thus, without overstepping the law 211 00:17:25,211 --> 00:17:30,114 some officers start to act against factory employees and workers. 212 00:17:31,017 --> 00:17:34,077 In this first raid no weapons are found. 213 00:17:42,027 --> 00:17:45,963 Chile is suffering the aggression of North American imperialism 214 00:17:46,932 --> 00:17:49,230 of a sector of the oligarchy 215 00:17:49,902 --> 00:17:53,394 which in October 1970 joined with ITT and the CIA 216 00:17:53,639 --> 00:17:55,402 to overthrow this Government. 217 00:17:55,708 --> 00:17:58,836 They want to repeat 218 00:17:59,979 --> 00:18:02,504 a stupid attempt of that kind. 219 00:18:03,248 --> 00:18:05,580 So the present struggle 220 00:18:05,985 --> 00:18:08,647 has a patriotic and national character. 221 00:18:09,222 --> 00:18:12,817 Chile has got every right to govern itself 222 00:18:13,225 --> 00:18:16,456 in accordance with the will of its people. 223 00:18:17,229 --> 00:18:19,424 At the same time 224 00:18:19,599 --> 00:18:23,296 a series of revolutionary transformations is in process, 225 00:18:23,602 --> 00:18:26,332 the aim of which is to open the way 226 00:18:26,505 --> 00:18:28,132 to a socialist society. 227 00:18:28,407 --> 00:18:30,500 Faced with the threat of a coup 228 00:18:30,709 --> 00:18:33,041 the Communist Party and a sector of the left 229 00:18:33,245 --> 00:18:35,338 agree with President Allende's ideas. 230 00:18:35,747 --> 00:18:37,977 An armed confrontation must be avoided 231 00:18:38,217 --> 00:18:40,913 in what are unfavorable conditions. 232 00:18:41,354 --> 00:18:44,221 Therefore, this sector decides to get the support 233 00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:47,826 of the officers who respect the democratic system. 234 00:18:48,460 --> 00:18:51,588 In the political area, both Allende and this sector 235 00:18:51,731 --> 00:18:55,098 want a minimum agreement with the Christian Democracy. 236 00:18:55,935 --> 00:18:58,961 The objective being to reinforce the government's stability 237 00:18:59,171 --> 00:19:01,662 and create a strong front against a civil war. 238 00:19:02,775 --> 00:19:05,972 They've carried out a campaign these last days. 239 00:19:06,211 --> 00:19:09,009 A campaign in which they are trying to show 240 00:19:09,248 --> 00:19:12,581 that the Popular Government is an illegal government. 241 00:19:12,985 --> 00:19:15,749 I want to ask Mr. Victor García Garzena 242 00:19:16,255 --> 00:19:18,120 what is the National Party's opinion 243 00:19:18,390 --> 00:19:20,017 of the rebellion of June 29 244 00:19:20,292 --> 00:19:24,558 which ended in the death of over 20 innocent people. 245 00:19:24,964 --> 00:19:26,864 I want to know their opinion 246 00:19:27,099 --> 00:19:28,862 because the paper "La Tribuna" 247 00:19:29,068 --> 00:19:33,266 on the day after that event, said that it was a show. 248 00:19:33,438 --> 00:19:36,339 And while the seditious attack was taking place 249 00:19:36,575 --> 00:19:38,406 the radio station "Agricultura" 250 00:19:38,644 --> 00:19:40,635 was broadcasting declarations such as 251 00:19:40,913 --> 00:19:43,211 "This is the day so many Chileans longed for." 252 00:19:43,415 --> 00:19:45,349 "The armed forces are confronting 253 00:19:45,584 --> 00:19:47,711 this totalitarian, Marxist government" 254 00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:50,787 and other similar remarks. 255 00:19:51,056 --> 00:19:53,024 That is a political crime. 256 00:19:53,225 --> 00:19:55,420 That is an attack against our people. 257 00:19:55,661 --> 00:19:58,596 The most serious attack against democracy 258 00:19:58,797 --> 00:20:00,128 and the constitutional regime 259 00:20:00,365 --> 00:20:02,230 which they claim to defend. 260 00:20:02,401 --> 00:20:05,495 This gentleman was already jailed in 1967 261 00:20:05,771 --> 00:20:07,966 by the Christian Democrat government 262 00:20:08,207 --> 00:20:10,903 for seditious actions on behalf of the National Party. 263 00:20:12,745 --> 00:20:16,340 Good evening to all our television viewers. 264 00:20:16,982 --> 00:20:19,883 As you have all seen and heard 265 00:20:21,387 --> 00:20:24,288 the young student 266 00:20:25,224 --> 00:20:29,285 has described me as being seditious. 267 00:20:30,395 --> 00:20:33,694 But I ask you to look at him and look at me. 268 00:20:33,866 --> 00:20:36,460 Look at his life and look at mine. 269 00:20:37,169 --> 00:20:40,536 I don't know how the cameras haven't fallen with shame. 270 00:20:40,739 --> 00:20:41,899 That's the truth. 271 00:20:42,174 --> 00:20:44,506 He has devoted his life to revolution. 272 00:20:44,743 --> 00:20:48,179 He has worked at nothing else except revolution. 273 00:20:48,380 --> 00:20:52,180 And here am I, a man who has worked for 35 years 274 00:20:52,417 --> 00:20:55,477 who was a university professor for 25 years 275 00:20:55,621 --> 00:20:58,249 who has always earned his salary. 276 00:20:58,590 --> 00:21:02,651 And the young student says, "Look at the troublemaker". 277 00:21:02,895 --> 00:21:06,991 So, as it's quite ridiculous, I'll move on to other things. 278 00:21:07,232 --> 00:21:10,065 The regime can't work without virtues 279 00:21:10,202 --> 00:21:11,794 without republican virtues. 280 00:21:12,037 --> 00:21:14,665 That's my opinion, and everyone knows it. 281 00:21:14,874 --> 00:21:16,307 I've always practiced it. 282 00:21:16,542 --> 00:21:18,271 I don't condemn those who are desperate. 283 00:21:18,510 --> 00:21:21,536 I don't condemn people like the poor truck driver 284 00:21:21,713 --> 00:21:25,149 who picks up a stone, and neither do I condemn 285 00:21:25,384 --> 00:21:27,545 those people who clamor and who rebel. 286 00:21:27,853 --> 00:21:30,083 I don't support, and I never have 287 00:21:30,322 --> 00:21:31,584 any rebellion. 288 00:21:31,857 --> 00:21:34,417 I don't support coups or other escapades. 289 00:21:34,626 --> 00:21:36,617 But today, I fully understand 290 00:21:36,829 --> 00:21:40,094 how an entire country cannot live at peace 291 00:21:40,332 --> 00:21:43,597 when its most urgent and basic needs 292 00:21:43,802 --> 00:21:45,667 as we have heard here tonight 293 00:21:45,904 --> 00:21:47,428 can't be satisfied. 294 00:21:47,639 --> 00:21:49,504 He's just described himself. 295 00:21:50,342 --> 00:21:53,709 He has shown the seditious face 296 00:21:53,946 --> 00:21:57,006 the rebellious face of the National Party. 297 00:21:57,216 --> 00:22:00,117 And here you have the chief threat 298 00:22:00,319 --> 00:22:01,718 to the constitutional regime 299 00:22:01,987 --> 00:22:03,852 and the democracy you say you defend. 300 00:22:04,089 --> 00:22:07,820 Mr. García Garzena has said, and the viewers heard him 301 00:22:07,993 --> 00:22:10,291 that he doesn't condemn 302 00:22:10,529 --> 00:22:15,557 the rising of June 29, perpetrated by a unit 303 00:22:15,935 --> 00:22:17,596 which undoubtedly was traitorous 304 00:22:17,836 --> 00:22:19,463 to the pure tradition of our armed forces. 305 00:22:19,905 --> 00:22:22,965 He doesn't condemn the murder of over 22 people. 306 00:22:23,442 --> 00:22:25,239 He doesn't condemn it. Just the opposite. 307 00:22:25,444 --> 00:22:28,379 But he hasn't been frank enough here 308 00:22:28,581 --> 00:22:30,708 to say he applauds it, as it was applauded 309 00:22:30,949 --> 00:22:34,282 by his National Agricultural Society radio 310 00:22:34,620 --> 00:22:37,521 or as it was applauded by his paper, "La Tribuna" 311 00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:40,823 which said the next day that it was a self-coup 312 00:22:41,026 --> 00:22:43,551 a show put on by the Popular Unity government. 313 00:22:43,762 --> 00:22:45,389 Repeat that here, sir! 314 00:22:45,564 --> 00:22:47,361 I didn't say I supported the uprising. 315 00:22:47,599 --> 00:22:49,260 Don't distort my words! 316 00:22:49,501 --> 00:22:51,435 Then make yourself clear. 317 00:22:51,703 --> 00:22:54,194 I've done that, and now I intend to ignore you! 318 00:22:54,439 --> 00:22:57,738 I want to explain to our television viewers 319 00:22:58,277 --> 00:23:00,040 that our system 320 00:23:00,279 --> 00:23:03,680 isn't one of class hatred or of any kind of struggle. 321 00:23:03,915 --> 00:23:06,076 It's what's called national integration. 322 00:23:06,318 --> 00:23:07,683 That's what we want. 323 00:23:07,953 --> 00:23:11,855 We want everyone to feel members of the same homeland. 324 00:23:12,090 --> 00:23:13,614 - Like in Uruguay. - So that we feel 325 00:23:13,892 --> 00:23:16,360 - Why are you confusing me? - Or Bolivia. 326 00:23:16,662 --> 00:23:18,562 - Why mention other countries? - Or Brazil. 327 00:23:18,764 --> 00:23:19,992 You're like a Bolivian! 328 00:23:20,266 --> 00:23:23,497 Don't despair, Don Victor García. Don't get hysterical. 329 00:23:23,702 --> 00:23:25,067 Please, let me continue. 330 00:23:25,471 --> 00:23:26,870 These are the problems. 331 00:23:27,139 --> 00:23:29,664 What is the origin of the attacks 332 00:23:29,908 --> 00:23:31,500 against democracy and freedom? 333 00:23:31,844 --> 00:23:34,108 Their aim is to prevent dialogue 334 00:23:34,312 --> 00:23:37,008 and finally take us along the road to civil war. 335 00:23:37,249 --> 00:23:39,843 The road sought by Don Victor García Garzena 336 00:23:40,018 --> 00:23:42,578 that dove of peace whom we have seen here tonight 337 00:23:42,854 --> 00:23:47,587 who wants to set up a fascist dictatorship here 338 00:23:47,860 --> 00:23:50,124 like that of José María Bordaberry in Uruguay 339 00:23:50,395 --> 00:23:52,056 and, deny it if you can 340 00:23:52,264 --> 00:23:55,290 like those in Brazil and in Bolivia. Exactly that. 341 00:24:04,944 --> 00:24:08,880 On July 5, Salvador Allende forms a new cabinet 342 00:24:09,114 --> 00:24:12,015 to tackle the crisis and create favorable conditions 343 00:24:12,217 --> 00:24:14,378 for a dialogue with the Christian Democracy. 344 00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:19,016 He tries to incorporate a personality from that party. 345 00:24:20,893 --> 00:24:23,054 I know perfectly well 346 00:24:23,295 --> 00:24:25,388 that revolutionary processes 347 00:24:25,564 --> 00:24:27,657 shake up and convulse the people. 348 00:24:27,833 --> 00:24:30,028 But I also know that here 349 00:24:30,268 --> 00:24:32,634 we wanted to do, and are trying to do 350 00:24:32,838 --> 00:24:35,636 something that other peoples didn't manage. 351 00:24:35,841 --> 00:24:38,503 A revolution by different channels 352 00:24:38,710 --> 00:24:41,611 in accordance with our history, our tradition 353 00:24:41,780 --> 00:24:43,338 and our reality. 354 00:24:43,615 --> 00:24:45,879 I hope that we may be capable 355 00:24:46,051 --> 00:24:48,485 of writing one more page 356 00:24:48,754 --> 00:24:53,555 to show that Chile has its own creative will 357 00:24:53,725 --> 00:24:55,556 and its noble decision 358 00:24:55,760 --> 00:24:57,694 to make the homeland ever greater. 359 00:24:58,763 --> 00:25:00,458 Please take 360 00:25:00,733 --> 00:25:02,496 the oaths of loyalty. 361 00:25:07,105 --> 00:25:10,165 Finally, let me clarify that I called the rector 362 00:25:10,375 --> 00:25:13,003 of the Catholic University, Fernando Castillo 363 00:25:13,879 --> 00:25:17,315 and I asked him to form part of the cabinet. 364 00:25:17,482 --> 00:25:19,006 Regrettably 365 00:25:19,217 --> 00:25:22,015 he had obligations which I respected. 366 00:25:22,687 --> 00:25:24,621 I respected his reasons 367 00:25:24,856 --> 00:25:27,416 and even though he was most willing 368 00:25:27,726 --> 00:25:30,524 I couldn't have Fernando Castillo's collaboration. 369 00:25:30,862 --> 00:25:35,026 But I know the country can rely on his collaboration 370 00:25:35,167 --> 00:25:36,759 in any circumstances. 371 00:25:37,069 --> 00:25:39,503 I wanted to inform you fully of this 372 00:25:39,738 --> 00:25:42,935 and also to reiterate that I am confident 373 00:25:43,141 --> 00:25:45,075 that we shall overcome the difficult hours 374 00:25:45,310 --> 00:25:47,244 with everyone's help. Thank you. 375 00:25:54,019 --> 00:25:58,479 Why has this split occurred when no one really wants it? 376 00:25:58,657 --> 00:26:01,182 In my opinion, it's because when the Popular Unity 377 00:26:01,460 --> 00:26:03,928 sets out programs 378 00:26:05,097 --> 00:26:06,962 projects for Chile 379 00:26:07,266 --> 00:26:08,927 which could really mean 380 00:26:09,167 --> 00:26:12,295 an accumulation of interest in that objective 381 00:26:12,504 --> 00:26:13,994 Popular Unity first says 382 00:26:14,206 --> 00:26:17,767 Let's see who would supposedly be opposed to this. 383 00:26:17,876 --> 00:26:21,835 They look for all possible enemies, find them 384 00:26:22,046 --> 00:26:24,105 and then set them up as a minority. 385 00:26:24,316 --> 00:26:27,649 But I think that all those great projects 386 00:26:27,853 --> 00:26:31,254 for the transformation of our society 387 00:26:31,890 --> 00:26:34,358 are projects which 388 00:26:34,593 --> 00:26:36,288 if sent out properly as a message 389 00:26:36,528 --> 00:26:40,487 seeking all those who can come together as a force 390 00:26:40,699 --> 00:26:44,601 which is really working for Chile's objectives 391 00:26:44,770 --> 00:26:47,705 are a government's most basic obligation. 392 00:26:50,675 --> 00:26:53,371 But, influenced by its more traditional wing 393 00:26:53,545 --> 00:26:56,514 the Christian Democrats will not, for now 394 00:26:56,715 --> 00:26:58,376 talk with the Government. 395 00:26:59,818 --> 00:27:03,015 Even so, Allende, a sector of the left 396 00:27:03,254 --> 00:27:06,246 and a sector of Christian Democrats will strive 397 00:27:06,458 --> 00:27:09,825 for a dialogue to modify the correlation of forces 398 00:27:10,028 --> 00:27:12,258 in case of a coup. 399 00:27:14,333 --> 00:27:17,359 We must call, comrades 400 00:27:17,569 --> 00:27:20,060 on the good sense and patriotism 401 00:27:20,272 --> 00:27:22,433 of the sectors of the Christian Democracy 402 00:27:22,641 --> 00:27:25,474 who think for themselves, and don't follow 403 00:27:25,644 --> 00:27:27,874 the dictates of the Pentagon, the CIA 404 00:27:28,113 --> 00:27:30,172 and the Chilean capitalists 405 00:27:30,415 --> 00:27:32,178 so that they show their opposition 406 00:27:32,451 --> 00:27:35,614 among the people, in the unions, everywhere 407 00:27:35,787 --> 00:27:38,312 to the fascist, reactionary offensive. 408 00:27:38,523 --> 00:27:41,515 Because if fascism manages to win through 409 00:27:41,727 --> 00:27:45,163 they won't ask the copper worker if he's a communist 410 00:27:45,363 --> 00:27:47,354 if he's from MAPU, if he's a socialist 411 00:27:47,565 --> 00:27:49,897 or a Christian Democrat, when they repress him. 412 00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:06,515 On July 8, the marines carry out a raid in Valparaíso. 413 00:28:07,252 --> 00:28:08,378 That same day 414 00:28:08,453 --> 00:28:12,947 the Air Force occupy a cemetery in Santiago with 3 helicopters. 415 00:28:13,425 --> 00:28:17,293 200 soldiers search the graves and niches looking for weapons. 416 00:28:17,729 --> 00:28:20,357 In neither case is anything found. 417 00:28:29,908 --> 00:28:32,172 This is just incredible. 418 00:28:32,243 --> 00:28:35,235 Look at what they're doing, and it's going on every day! 419 00:28:35,481 --> 00:28:37,642 Why would anyone want to dig up the dead? 420 00:28:37,916 --> 00:28:40,783 The dead don't have bullets or anything. 421 00:28:40,952 --> 00:28:42,214 Why would they kill them? 422 00:28:42,487 --> 00:28:44,318 Imagine digging the poor things up! 423 00:28:44,523 --> 00:28:47,856 All they could do was throw their bones at them. 424 00:28:48,460 --> 00:28:51,554 So tomorrow, or even tonight, they'll send their planes. 425 00:28:51,630 --> 00:28:55,031 They'll kill us all, because we're defenseless here. 426 00:28:55,567 --> 00:28:57,933 - Should the people be armed? - Yes, of course! 427 00:28:58,203 --> 00:29:00,865 The government has to do that and very soon. 428 00:29:01,272 --> 00:29:05,368 They have to, or else it'll be impossible 429 00:29:05,577 --> 00:29:07,169 We're his strength. 430 00:29:07,412 --> 00:29:11,872 Allende is the president because we voted for him. 431 00:29:12,083 --> 00:29:14,813 The rich will never be on our side. 432 00:29:15,053 --> 00:29:18,079 Whatever we have now, it's because of this government. 433 00:29:18,323 --> 00:29:20,382 Because we've never had anything. 434 00:29:21,026 --> 00:29:23,551 How could we not be grateful to the government? 435 00:29:23,762 --> 00:29:26,788 That's what we have to make those others understand. 436 00:29:27,298 --> 00:29:29,766 They aren't thinking straight and 437 00:29:30,368 --> 00:29:35,738 They don't understand all that's being done. 438 00:29:35,940 --> 00:29:38,408 If you're out, moving around all day 439 00:29:38,610 --> 00:29:40,942 you see what they're doing for the workers. 440 00:29:41,813 --> 00:29:44,373 What must we do to defend this government? 441 00:29:44,649 --> 00:29:46,583 Unite, that's the first thing. 442 00:29:46,784 --> 00:29:48,308 And if they come with arms? 443 00:29:48,553 --> 00:29:51,579 We should have arms too, to defend ourselves. 444 00:29:51,857 --> 00:29:54,189 That's what everyone here thinks. 445 00:29:54,392 --> 00:29:56,826 Nobody in this camp has got a weapon. 446 00:29:57,395 --> 00:30:00,228 And you can't do anything with your hands or with sticks. 447 00:30:00,465 --> 00:30:03,559 If they come with arms, you can't do anything. 448 00:30:04,536 --> 00:30:08,233 The workers have got their defense organizations. 449 00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:12,706 There are brigades which can be mobilized at any moment. 450 00:30:13,011 --> 00:30:15,138 But there are no popular elements 451 00:30:15,380 --> 00:30:16,847 to defend the factories 452 00:30:17,115 --> 00:30:19,379 nor are there even any popular elements 453 00:30:19,651 --> 00:30:20,982 to mobilize workers 454 00:30:21,253 --> 00:30:24,051 in any formation for combat or street fighting 455 00:30:24,222 --> 00:30:28,283 against any military sectors or fascist sectors 456 00:30:28,560 --> 00:30:30,289 which have those elements. 457 00:30:31,462 --> 00:30:38,755 We want a popular militia! 458 00:30:41,706 --> 00:30:45,198 On July 12, the Socialist Party states its position 459 00:30:45,410 --> 00:30:47,571 as regards the threatened coup. 460 00:30:47,846 --> 00:30:51,475 The soldiers, marines, airmen and policemen 461 00:30:51,716 --> 00:30:55,277 cannot lend themselves at any time 462 00:30:55,487 --> 00:30:57,819 or under any circumstance 463 00:30:58,023 --> 00:30:59,820 to murder workers. 464 00:31:00,258 --> 00:31:04,456 And if it should happen that some officers rebel 465 00:31:04,830 --> 00:31:07,196 the officers, warrant officers 466 00:31:07,399 --> 00:31:08,798 N.C.O. S and soldiers 467 00:31:09,034 --> 00:31:11,559 are not under any obligation 468 00:31:11,770 --> 00:31:14,102 to obey them. 469 00:31:14,372 --> 00:31:16,101 To be even clearer 470 00:31:16,307 --> 00:31:19,640 not only is it their duty to refuse to obey orders 471 00:31:19,878 --> 00:31:22,176 which would mean firing on the people 472 00:31:22,647 --> 00:31:25,115 or to participate in attempted coups 473 00:31:25,316 --> 00:31:27,181 against the workers' government 474 00:31:27,418 --> 00:31:31,013 they must also actively oppose them. 475 00:31:31,656 --> 00:31:36,457 The bourgeoisie must understand quite clearly 476 00:31:36,728 --> 00:31:39,094 that it cannot act with impunity. 477 00:31:39,330 --> 00:31:41,662 Every subversive action 478 00:31:41,833 --> 00:31:44,893 every attack on Chile and its government 479 00:31:45,103 --> 00:31:49,563 will invariably be answered by the workers 480 00:31:49,741 --> 00:31:51,902 using every method 481 00:31:52,176 --> 00:31:54,872 with all the resources which may be necessary. 482 00:31:55,847 --> 00:31:58,315 Our party thinks 483 00:31:58,617 --> 00:32:02,815 that the seizing of companies 484 00:32:03,588 --> 00:32:05,749 factories, lands 485 00:32:05,991 --> 00:32:09,188 is a legitimate response by the working class 486 00:32:09,361 --> 00:32:10,988 and the workers 487 00:32:11,296 --> 00:32:15,665 to the seditious, mutinous attitude of the right. 488 00:32:15,934 --> 00:32:19,233 We have said that every step in this reaction 489 00:32:19,470 --> 00:32:21,404 must be thought out. 490 00:32:22,073 --> 00:32:24,871 I'd like to know the party's position 491 00:32:25,076 --> 00:32:27,374 as regards the raids by the military 492 00:32:27,612 --> 00:32:30,740 in our factories looking for arms. 493 00:32:31,550 --> 00:32:35,919 I take it as an offense against our class 494 00:32:36,421 --> 00:32:38,321 because I think that if the workers 495 00:32:38,590 --> 00:32:40,387 were ever to take up arms at any time 496 00:32:40,659 --> 00:32:42,923 it would be to defend their government. 497 00:32:43,528 --> 00:32:47,624 So could you, as a lawyer and as a jurist 498 00:32:47,932 --> 00:32:51,265 tell us when it is legal 499 00:32:52,237 --> 00:32:54,398 and when it is illegal? 500 00:32:54,639 --> 00:32:56,038 There's a problem here. 501 00:32:56,374 --> 00:32:58,638 We could be acting illegally 502 00:32:58,910 --> 00:33:01,140 in trying to defend the workers' government 503 00:33:01,346 --> 00:33:02,938 as workers ourselves 504 00:33:03,215 --> 00:33:06,514 if we took the precaution of acquiring a weapon. 505 00:33:07,185 --> 00:33:09,517 I think that the people to defend its government 506 00:33:09,755 --> 00:33:12,781 should use all the means available. 507 00:33:21,032 --> 00:33:23,057 The problem of arms becomes tied in 508 00:33:23,301 --> 00:33:25,360 with that of the occupation of companies. 509 00:33:25,637 --> 00:33:27,195 For a sector of Popular Unity 510 00:33:27,472 --> 00:33:29,167 led by the communists 511 00:33:29,407 --> 00:33:31,466 the indiscriminate expropriation of factories 512 00:33:31,709 --> 00:33:34,974 only damages the government's legal image. 513 00:33:36,514 --> 00:33:40,006 But for the other sector, led by the Socialist Party 514 00:33:40,218 --> 00:33:43,949 the occupation of industries is a useful form of mobilization 515 00:33:44,088 --> 00:33:46,420 which helps prepare and organize the coming struggle. 516 00:33:48,560 --> 00:33:54,817 For them, an armed clash with the right is inevitable 517 00:33:54,999 --> 00:33:57,092 and the only way to tackle a coup 518 00:33:57,168 --> 00:34:00,228 is by organizing the masses and strengthening popular power 519 00:34:00,438 --> 00:34:02,963 especially in the industrial belts. 520 00:34:10,982 --> 00:34:14,110 Another task for today, comrades 521 00:34:14,384 --> 00:34:17,012 to control the reactionaries and to move forward 522 00:34:17,287 --> 00:34:19,482 is the formation of industrial belts 523 00:34:19,723 --> 00:34:21,122 all over the country. 524 00:34:21,492 --> 00:34:25,861 What is needed, comrades, is that our union leaders 525 00:34:26,130 --> 00:34:29,566 look on this task as a priority for them. 526 00:34:29,767 --> 00:34:32,133 That comrades from other companies unite. 527 00:34:32,369 --> 00:34:35,770 That they should tell the leaders of other unions 528 00:34:36,006 --> 00:34:38,270 of the need to connect with workers 529 00:34:38,509 --> 00:34:40,739 from the next block, or from further away. 530 00:34:41,045 --> 00:34:42,569 And that way, comrades 531 00:34:42,780 --> 00:34:45,248 we shall build up that popular force 532 00:34:45,582 --> 00:34:47,607 which is the basis for advancing 533 00:34:47,784 --> 00:34:49,581 and a rampart for repelling 534 00:34:49,820 --> 00:34:51,617 reactionary attacks. 535 00:34:56,026 --> 00:34:57,493 On July 19 536 00:34:57,561 --> 00:35:00,189 the Arauco regiment occupy the Workers' Central 537 00:35:00,464 --> 00:35:02,557 in the city of Osorno. 538 00:35:03,200 --> 00:35:04,394 The next day 539 00:35:04,668 --> 00:35:07,933 navy personnel carry out another raid in Concepción. 540 00:35:08,239 --> 00:35:10,639 In neither case are arms found. 541 00:35:12,309 --> 00:35:16,405 On July 12, the Revolutionary Left Movement, MIR 542 00:35:16,580 --> 00:35:18,275 from outside Popular Unity 543 00:35:18,482 --> 00:35:20,143 states its position. 544 00:35:21,319 --> 00:35:23,787 Throughout the entire country 545 00:35:23,954 --> 00:35:26,889 a single cry is heard echoing in the factories 546 00:35:27,091 --> 00:35:29,116 estates, towns, and schools 547 00:35:29,326 --> 00:35:31,191 in the bastions of the people. 548 00:35:31,428 --> 00:35:33,055 The call to create 549 00:35:33,330 --> 00:35:36,697 to create, strengthen and increase popular power 550 00:35:36,934 --> 00:35:39,425 the power of the community commandoes 551 00:35:39,603 --> 00:35:42,299 the power of the workers and the peasants. 552 00:35:42,773 --> 00:35:45,469 The revolutionaries and the workers 553 00:35:45,676 --> 00:35:47,871 must immediately extend 554 00:35:48,112 --> 00:35:50,171 the seizure of factories and estates 555 00:35:50,381 --> 00:35:52,849 increase defense preparations 556 00:35:53,050 --> 00:35:57,453 promote popular power as local government 557 00:35:57,688 --> 00:36:00,248 independent of the powers of state. 558 00:36:00,457 --> 00:36:03,085 The warrant officers and policemen 559 00:36:03,260 --> 00:36:07,390 must disobey the orders of fascist officers 560 00:36:07,731 --> 00:36:09,631 and in that way 561 00:36:11,335 --> 00:36:13,235 And in that way 562 00:36:13,504 --> 00:36:16,234 all forms of struggle will be legitimate! 563 00:36:16,507 --> 00:36:21,240 Then it really will be true that the workers 564 00:36:21,378 --> 00:36:25,246 along with the soldiers, the sailors, the police 565 00:36:25,449 --> 00:36:28,475 the warrant officers and the loyal officers 566 00:36:28,819 --> 00:36:32,516 will have the right to build their own army 567 00:36:32,689 --> 00:36:35,021 the people's army! 568 00:37:01,486 --> 00:37:05,547 On July 19, the workers from the Vicua-Mackenna industrial belt 569 00:37:05,790 --> 00:37:07,985 occupy the main road in their area. 570 00:37:09,760 --> 00:37:11,990 Why are you occupying the road? 571 00:37:12,195 --> 00:37:14,686 It's in support of our comrades 572 00:37:14,999 --> 00:37:16,933 who were evicted from the ICMETAL factory. 573 00:37:17,234 --> 00:37:19,065 Will any government representative be coming? 574 00:37:19,303 --> 00:37:23,364 We hope some authority will come and solve the problem. 575 00:37:23,807 --> 00:37:26,401 The day before, workers from the Cerrillos belt 576 00:37:26,610 --> 00:37:28,840 had carried out a similar action. 577 00:37:29,180 --> 00:37:31,978 The protest by this sector is directed against government attempts 578 00:37:32,182 --> 00:37:33,843 to hand back some industries 579 00:37:34,118 --> 00:37:36,177 to facilitate a possible minimum agreement 580 00:37:36,386 --> 00:37:38,047 with the Christian Democracy. 581 00:37:38,555 --> 00:37:40,716 The contradictions among the left 582 00:37:40,991 --> 00:37:42,959 about what strategy to use against the coup 583 00:37:43,194 --> 00:37:44,786 explode publicly. 584 00:37:48,598 --> 00:37:50,122 At 11:30 585 00:37:50,333 --> 00:37:53,325 the police chief orders the road to be cleared. 586 00:38:25,169 --> 00:38:28,696 The police can only advance to the first barricade. 587 00:38:28,905 --> 00:38:32,500 Beyond that are 4,000 workers positioned along four miles. 588 00:39:08,312 --> 00:39:11,213 At 11:45, the mayor of Santiago arrives. 589 00:39:11,348 --> 00:39:15,944 He is Allende's representative in the province. 590 00:39:16,887 --> 00:39:18,650 You wait here. 591 00:39:27,397 --> 00:39:30,594 His mission is to end the confrontation. 592 00:39:32,836 --> 00:39:36,237 Please inform the Chief that on my instructions 593 00:39:36,440 --> 00:39:37,998 nothing is to be moved here 594 00:39:38,208 --> 00:39:40,335 and you are to pull back two blocks. 595 00:39:42,713 --> 00:39:44,578 So pull back the police forces 596 00:39:44,815 --> 00:39:48,012 preferably beyond Matta Avenue. 597 00:39:48,218 --> 00:39:50,880 Tell the Prefect that it's on my instructions. Thank you. 598 00:39:53,624 --> 00:39:55,615 The police have to withdraw. 599 00:39:55,826 --> 00:39:57,817 But the problem of occupied factories 600 00:39:58,062 --> 00:39:59,461 continues to be debated 601 00:39:59,697 --> 00:40:01,824 with the presence of TUC delegates. 602 00:40:04,301 --> 00:40:07,498 The TUC set up 603 00:40:07,837 --> 00:40:09,737 a commission 604 00:40:10,006 --> 00:40:12,270 to look at the cases of the industries 605 00:40:12,509 --> 00:40:14,704 which are in the hands of the workers. 606 00:40:16,446 --> 00:40:21,895 That commission is studying those problems today 607 00:40:22,052 --> 00:40:24,077 through the corresponding institutions 608 00:40:24,321 --> 00:40:27,484 CORFO and the Ministry of Economy. 609 00:40:28,558 --> 00:40:31,755 There's one thing we must have very clear. 610 00:40:31,962 --> 00:40:36,797 There are a lot of industries which have been taken over. 611 00:40:37,001 --> 00:40:40,630 In Santiago, a huge number of inc have been taken over 612 00:40:40,870 --> 00:40:43,805 but not all of them can be nationalized 613 00:40:44,207 --> 00:40:46,004 for a variety of reasons. 614 00:40:46,210 --> 00:40:48,872 What's more, when the TUC issued the call 615 00:40:49,713 --> 00:40:51,203 to take over the industries 616 00:40:51,415 --> 00:40:53,645 in the case of any attempted coup 617 00:40:53,918 --> 00:40:57,786 that meant, in times of crisis 618 00:40:57,955 --> 00:41:00,082 stopping fascist activity. 619 00:41:00,323 --> 00:41:04,521 But it didn't mean that, indiscriminately 620 00:41:04,762 --> 00:41:07,788 all kinds of industries are going to be nationalized. 621 00:41:08,064 --> 00:41:10,692 There are some problems there too 622 00:41:10,901 --> 00:41:14,393 with industries which are totally unfinanced 623 00:41:14,704 --> 00:41:18,333 and if the State takes them over 624 00:41:18,575 --> 00:41:21,169 it's really just taking over a dead weight. 625 00:41:21,445 --> 00:41:24,346 And that can't be. 626 00:41:24,948 --> 00:41:28,315 So this is what has been discussed 627 00:41:28,451 --> 00:41:30,783 with our fellow workers in those industries 628 00:41:30,854 --> 00:41:32,549 who would be affected. 629 00:41:33,057 --> 00:41:37,426 What we want is a decision from TUC, and soon. 630 00:41:37,627 --> 00:41:39,652 It can be good or bad, but we want a decision 631 00:41:39,730 --> 00:41:41,891 so that the TUC doesn't just become an antibody 632 00:41:42,099 --> 00:41:43,794 in the bosom of the workers. 633 00:41:44,901 --> 00:41:48,302 The problem is that there are other reasons here. 634 00:41:48,805 --> 00:41:53,174 For instance, what about the companies with Swiss capital? 635 00:41:54,077 --> 00:41:56,910 There's a problem 636 00:41:58,081 --> 00:42:01,244 There's a problem of international relations. 637 00:42:02,052 --> 00:42:04,919 What do international relations have to do 638 00:42:05,155 --> 00:42:06,747 with the problems of the workers? 639 00:42:06,990 --> 00:42:08,548 A lot! 640 00:42:08,792 --> 00:42:11,124 Because the Swiss government 641 00:42:11,328 --> 00:42:15,424 is one of the chief members of the "Club de Paris" 642 00:42:15,632 --> 00:42:17,623 where Chile's external debt 643 00:42:17,934 --> 00:42:20,528 is discussed and renegotiated. 644 00:42:20,771 --> 00:42:24,400 You all know that after this government came in 645 00:42:24,608 --> 00:42:26,838 and nationalized copper, for example 646 00:42:27,043 --> 00:42:29,511 there was a Yankee boycott 647 00:42:29,746 --> 00:42:32,237 and the country doesn't have the foreign exchange 648 00:42:32,416 --> 00:42:33,940 or the credits it used to have. 649 00:42:34,217 --> 00:42:37,812 So that is all renegotiated in the "Club de Paris" 650 00:42:38,388 --> 00:42:42,722 and Chile has to handle itself there 651 00:42:43,327 --> 00:42:45,522 with a great deal of caution. 652 00:42:46,996 --> 00:42:50,295 We're not talking about international relations here. 653 00:42:50,367 --> 00:42:53,700 We want to nationalize the industries which interest us. 654 00:42:53,970 --> 00:42:56,564 And without accepting any compromises. 655 00:42:57,641 --> 00:43:00,474 All the things that you're explaining 656 00:43:00,711 --> 00:43:02,303 about international affairs 657 00:43:02,545 --> 00:43:05,673 won't be understood by the workers in general. 658 00:43:05,816 --> 00:43:09,343 You have to give them some more local reasons 659 00:43:09,586 --> 00:43:12,282 and use words that all of us here can understand. 660 00:43:12,589 --> 00:43:17,686 Can the workers disobey the TUC leaders? 661 00:43:18,929 --> 00:43:21,124 Well, I can answer that too. 662 00:43:21,398 --> 00:43:25,994 Yes, there are answers which are more local, more Chilean. 663 00:43:26,536 --> 00:43:30,302 Today, as you all know, comrades 664 00:43:30,473 --> 00:43:33,499 we, the working class, through this government 665 00:43:33,744 --> 00:43:35,371 have gained some power 666 00:43:35,612 --> 00:43:37,273 but we haven't gained all the power. 667 00:43:37,581 --> 00:43:40,175 The reactionaries want the forces of order 668 00:43:40,350 --> 00:43:42,147 whether police or army 669 00:43:42,386 --> 00:43:43,944 to have a confrontation with the workers 670 00:43:44,187 --> 00:43:45,620 which will occur 671 00:43:45,922 --> 00:43:49,483 if the workers don't obey central management 672 00:43:49,726 --> 00:43:51,990 but take justice into their own hands 673 00:43:52,229 --> 00:43:55,926 and have a confrontation with the police and army. 674 00:43:56,200 --> 00:44:00,296 And then the right accuses the government 675 00:44:00,504 --> 00:44:04,133 that there's no discipline and that there's no authority. 676 00:44:04,374 --> 00:44:06,365 And we're just a step away 677 00:44:06,610 --> 00:44:09,340 from the President being impeached 678 00:44:09,580 --> 00:44:11,013 because that's what they want. 679 00:44:12,182 --> 00:44:14,116 But the thing is 680 00:44:14,351 --> 00:44:16,216 we can see everything clearly too. 681 00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:20,047 They asked us, the workers, to get organized 682 00:44:20,190 --> 00:44:22,124 and to set up the industrial belts 683 00:44:22,292 --> 00:44:24,260 and to get organized on all fronts. 684 00:44:24,428 --> 00:44:27,955 We organized ourselves on the neighborhood fronts 685 00:44:28,198 --> 00:44:31,292 on the workers' fronts and in the trade unions. 686 00:44:31,501 --> 00:44:34,231 We organized ourselves in the industrial belts. 687 00:44:34,438 --> 00:44:36,838 And we're still hearing the same old story. 688 00:44:37,040 --> 00:44:39,975 It isn't the time, there's a legislative power 689 00:44:40,177 --> 00:44:41,269 and a judicial power. 690 00:44:41,511 --> 00:44:43,138 They asked us to organize 691 00:44:43,346 --> 00:44:45,814 from the people up to the highest level 692 00:44:45,983 --> 00:44:48,315 and that's what we've done. 693 00:44:48,518 --> 00:44:53,217 But the President still keeps asking us to stay calm 694 00:44:53,424 --> 00:44:56,860 to keep acting this way and to keep organizing. Why? 695 00:44:57,027 --> 00:44:59,860 Why is there this fear that we, the workers 696 00:45:00,063 --> 00:45:03,260 and all the people, will call a general strike 697 00:45:03,467 --> 00:45:06,800 and ask the President, like any executive power 698 00:45:07,003 --> 00:45:10,495 to decide once and for all what their battle plan is? 699 00:45:10,673 --> 00:45:14,473 What is the plan they have for us to fight the right? 700 00:45:14,678 --> 00:45:20,071 And if it's necessary to have a plebiscite 701 00:45:20,250 --> 00:45:22,582 as those on the right are demanding 702 00:45:22,786 --> 00:45:26,187 we'll have it from the people up to the highest level 703 00:45:26,356 --> 00:45:30,087 and I assure you that we'll win from here to Rancagua. 704 00:45:30,294 --> 00:45:32,888 We've got organization inside the camps 705 00:45:33,096 --> 00:45:35,496 the industrial belts and the unions. 706 00:45:35,565 --> 00:45:40,025 And the TUC still carries on, asking us to keep calm 707 00:45:40,203 --> 00:45:42,034 saying we can't do such-and-such 708 00:45:42,205 --> 00:45:43,399 because this belongs to Queen Elizabeth 709 00:45:43,606 --> 00:45:44,766 or that belongs to Switzerland. 710 00:45:44,975 --> 00:45:47,876 They just keep making things up. 711 00:45:48,045 --> 00:45:51,606 The truth is, the people are getting tired. 712 00:45:51,781 --> 00:45:53,442 This is all bureaucracy! 713 00:45:53,616 --> 00:45:56,278 We're fighting bureaucracy amongst ourselves. 714 00:45:56,419 --> 00:45:58,944 Within our own defenses, within our own unions 715 00:45:59,122 --> 00:46:01,352 within our own power like the TUC 716 00:46:01,525 --> 00:46:04,187 we still have bureaucracy. Until when? 717 00:46:04,360 --> 00:46:07,352 What I want to know is if you have confidence or not 718 00:46:07,598 --> 00:46:09,190 in popular power. 719 00:46:09,366 --> 00:46:11,527 Does the TUC not have faith in those workers 720 00:46:11,734 --> 00:46:15,431 who marched past comrade Allende on Friday 721 00:46:15,672 --> 00:46:17,799 to shout their support for him? 722 00:46:17,941 --> 00:46:21,604 Does the President not have faith in our organizations? 723 00:46:21,811 --> 00:46:25,042 Do the deputies up there not have faith in us? 724 00:46:25,281 --> 00:46:26,805 They sit and do nothing. 725 00:46:27,016 --> 00:46:28,813 And what about the senators? 726 00:46:29,018 --> 00:46:32,419 Instead of fighting for the cause 727 00:46:32,588 --> 00:46:34,283 instead of doing something for the workers 728 00:46:34,491 --> 00:46:36,288 whenever the right wing deputies appear 729 00:46:36,492 --> 00:46:39,928 they all keep quiet. I think we've had enough! 730 00:46:40,097 --> 00:46:43,589 There's a reason that we're meeting here tonight. 731 00:46:43,800 --> 00:46:46,268 It's to ask the government to expropriate 732 00:46:46,402 --> 00:46:48,802 the greatest number of factories. 733 00:46:49,005 --> 00:46:51,633 And we'll let the right have the ones that are of no use. 734 00:46:51,842 --> 00:46:55,471 If the government can't take on those dead weights 735 00:46:55,679 --> 00:46:58,671 the right can do it, and we'll keep fighting. 736 00:46:58,915 --> 00:47:02,942 You go to the market and see all the black market stuff. 737 00:47:03,153 --> 00:47:05,121 And they still ask us to stay calm. 738 00:47:05,288 --> 00:47:08,280 Until when? We're sick of all this. 739 00:47:26,209 --> 00:47:28,871 Do you not know the class composition 740 00:47:29,045 --> 00:47:31,707 that exists today in the armed forces? 741 00:47:32,115 --> 00:47:35,607 Don't you know that the majority of officers 742 00:47:35,852 --> 00:47:37,820 are in favor of the coup? 743 00:47:37,987 --> 00:47:39,682 Because here, comrades 744 00:47:39,856 --> 00:47:44,816 power isn't achieved only through good organization. 745 00:47:45,862 --> 00:47:48,456 There is good organization. 746 00:47:48,665 --> 00:47:51,327 But we also need to have some weight 747 00:47:51,501 --> 00:47:55,631 to counter-balance the real power of the reactionaries. 748 00:47:55,838 --> 00:47:59,103 And that's why in the Trades Union Council 749 00:47:59,242 --> 00:48:02,006 we're talking about protection committees. 750 00:48:02,245 --> 00:48:04,406 And what are protection committees? 751 00:48:04,614 --> 00:48:07,174 Protection committees for production industries 752 00:48:07,483 --> 00:48:10,850 and also protection committees for the war. 753 00:48:11,221 --> 00:48:15,681 They're things we can't talk about or give details on 754 00:48:15,892 --> 00:48:17,757 because we mustn't make that mistake. 755 00:48:17,961 --> 00:48:20,452 But we, the workers, have to be prepared 756 00:48:20,630 --> 00:48:22,894 to go into battle on all fronts. 757 00:48:23,166 --> 00:48:26,567 And the TUC is involved in that struggle today. 758 00:48:27,003 --> 00:48:29,904 I accept that there are differences, comrades. 759 00:48:30,440 --> 00:48:35,434 But the problem arises when there is a desire 760 00:48:35,678 --> 00:48:38,545 for organizations which follow a direction 761 00:48:38,715 --> 00:48:41,275 parallel to the workers' organization. 762 00:48:41,484 --> 00:48:43,543 That's where problems start. 763 00:48:43,787 --> 00:48:49,123 And so I admit that here there are many comrades 764 00:48:49,291 --> 00:48:52,749 who ask questions, not with any ill intention 765 00:48:52,962 --> 00:48:55,294 but there are things which have to be discussed 766 00:48:55,532 --> 00:48:57,227 in much greater depth. 767 00:48:57,433 --> 00:49:00,425 You can't just unfoundedly catalogue 768 00:49:00,704 --> 00:49:02,399 such-and-such an organization 769 00:49:02,639 --> 00:49:05,233 or such-and-such a leader, as having some defect. 770 00:49:05,508 --> 00:49:09,308 I believe that we all make up the organizations 771 00:49:09,545 --> 00:49:12,480 and we all have some degree of responsibility. 772 00:49:12,715 --> 00:49:14,945 And you have your organization 773 00:49:15,151 --> 00:49:17,585 for setting out this kind of problem. 774 00:49:17,820 --> 00:49:23,258 And we are in agreement that we have to look for answers 775 00:49:23,459 --> 00:49:25,927 to the problems which we are setting out here today. 776 00:49:26,162 --> 00:49:30,121 But let us not forget that we've got a government 777 00:49:30,333 --> 00:49:32,733 presided over by comrade Allende 778 00:49:32,936 --> 00:49:36,463 and we have to obey that leadership. 779 00:49:36,773 --> 00:49:39,799 There is an organism which is the workers 780 00:49:40,009 --> 00:49:42,603 and there are organisms which are the class parties 781 00:49:42,846 --> 00:49:44,473 and they too provide guidance. 782 00:49:46,515 --> 00:49:49,245 On July 19, the School of Infantry 783 00:49:49,452 --> 00:49:51,750 raids a factory in the town of San Bernardo. 784 00:49:53,356 --> 00:49:57,383 Every sector on the left recognizes the need 785 00:49:57,594 --> 00:50:00,062 to prepare the armed defense of the government. 786 00:50:00,530 --> 00:50:02,361 But they are unable to agree 787 00:50:02,633 --> 00:50:05,033 on the formulation of a joint plan. 788 00:50:17,713 --> 00:50:20,910 On July 20, in view of the growing wave of violence 789 00:50:21,084 --> 00:50:23,951 the Catholic church issues a public call 790 00:50:24,154 --> 00:50:26,315 in favor of peaceful understanding. 791 00:50:36,365 --> 00:50:40,131 This campaign, led by Cardinal Silva Enríquez 792 00:50:40,303 --> 00:50:42,737 ends with the countrywide celebration 793 00:50:42,905 --> 00:50:44,736 of "Masses for Peace". 794 00:50:47,110 --> 00:50:49,704 For the representatives of the people 795 00:50:50,013 --> 00:50:53,039 that they may exercise the public powers of the State. 796 00:50:54,384 --> 00:50:58,548 That their competence, aided by the wisdom and prudence 797 00:50:58,755 --> 00:51:00,382 that comes from God 798 00:51:00,824 --> 00:51:04,260 may lead them always to serve the homeland 799 00:51:04,761 --> 00:51:07,821 for the true good of the communities. 800 00:51:08,331 --> 00:51:09,730 Lord hear us. 801 00:51:10,066 --> 00:51:12,466 Lord graciously hear us. 802 00:51:13,302 --> 00:51:15,930 For the citizens of our homeland 803 00:51:16,472 --> 00:51:20,340 so that in the diversity of opinions and preferences 804 00:51:20,777 --> 00:51:23,575 God may enlighten our consciences 805 00:51:23,847 --> 00:51:26,111 soothe passions 806 00:51:26,383 --> 00:51:29,045 and control partisan resentments 807 00:51:29,485 --> 00:51:33,387 so that the common good of the Chileans may prevail. 808 00:51:33,623 --> 00:51:37,491 - Lord, hear us. - Lord, graciously hear us. 809 00:51:55,412 --> 00:51:57,972 The Church's call for pacification 810 00:51:58,114 --> 00:52:00,514 puts some leaders of the Christian Democracy 811 00:52:00,717 --> 00:52:02,378 in a difficult position. 812 00:52:02,886 --> 00:52:06,879 For 3 weeks, they have refused to have talks with Allende. 813 00:52:07,556 --> 00:52:09,683 If they don't change their position 814 00:52:09,893 --> 00:52:13,158 they will be opposing the Church's public position. 815 00:52:24,507 --> 00:52:28,136 A few days later, Patricio Aylwin, and Osvaldo Olguin 816 00:52:28,211 --> 00:52:30,645 the leaders of the Christian Democracy 817 00:52:30,880 --> 00:52:32,347 arrive at the government palace 818 00:52:32,582 --> 00:52:34,573 to speak with the President. 819 00:53:02,611 --> 00:53:05,910 Aware of the discrepancies, but convinced of his strategy, 820 00:53:06,116 --> 00:53:09,552 Allende wants to reach a minimum understanding 821 00:53:09,719 --> 00:53:11,880 to avoid a constitutional break-up. 822 00:53:16,560 --> 00:53:19,120 A possible agreement between Allende 823 00:53:19,228 --> 00:53:21,093 and the Christian Democrat leadership 824 00:53:21,297 --> 00:53:24,095 causes great unease among the extreme right-wing. 825 00:53:36,479 --> 00:53:37,912 On July 27 826 00:53:38,080 --> 00:53:41,174 at 1:30 a.m., the extreme right assassinates 827 00:53:41,417 --> 00:53:43,317 Commander Arturo Araya Peters 828 00:53:43,519 --> 00:53:46,579 President Allende's naval aide-de-camp. 829 00:53:56,533 --> 00:53:58,933 The violence extends to an officer 830 00:53:59,135 --> 00:54:01,729 directly linked to the President 831 00:54:02,371 --> 00:54:05,363 at the very moment when the Christian Democracy 832 00:54:05,542 --> 00:54:07,533 agrees to speak with Allende. 833 00:54:12,848 --> 00:54:14,782 A confidant of the President 834 00:54:15,017 --> 00:54:19,511 Araya had become the main link between the government 835 00:54:19,755 --> 00:54:21,848 and the constitutionalist navy officers. 836 00:54:39,575 --> 00:54:42,043 That same day, the aide-de-camp's remains 837 00:54:42,278 --> 00:54:43,939 are taken to the La Moneda Palace. 838 00:54:44,147 --> 00:54:45,944 They are later transferred to Valparaíso 839 00:54:46,148 --> 00:54:48,446 to be buried with military honors. 840 00:55:18,515 --> 00:55:21,609 OFFICERS 841 00:56:25,882 --> 00:56:28,976 Months later, in exile in Buenos Aires 842 00:56:29,185 --> 00:56:30,812 and before being assassinated 843 00:56:31,020 --> 00:56:33,921 Gen. Carlos Prats says that one of the reasons 844 00:56:34,090 --> 00:56:36,081 for eliminating Commander Araya 845 00:56:36,325 --> 00:56:39,453 was to prevent Allende from knowing what was happening 846 00:56:39,662 --> 00:56:41,687 in the military circles in Valparaíso. 847 00:56:42,732 --> 00:56:45,200 This is where a sector of the officers 848 00:56:45,401 --> 00:56:47,665 start to plan the coup 849 00:56:47,837 --> 00:56:50,397 with the advice of the North American government. 850 00:58:41,550 --> 00:58:44,383 The remains of Commander Arturo Araya Peters 851 00:58:44,554 --> 00:58:46,385 are seen off 852 00:58:46,956 --> 00:58:50,619 by the Commander-in-Chief of the National Navy 853 00:58:51,627 --> 00:58:53,925 Admiral RaúI Montero Cornejo 854 00:58:54,763 --> 00:58:57,197 and by a college contemporary of his 855 00:58:57,366 --> 00:59:00,164 Sea Captain Guillermo Aldonei Hansen. 856 00:59:02,004 --> 00:59:04,370 And here in the cemetery 857 00:59:04,540 --> 00:59:06,940 we have two sections of the Submarine School 858 00:59:07,143 --> 00:59:09,475 and the band of the Armaments School. 859 00:59:10,980 --> 00:59:13,471 All here can remember the brilliant navy career 860 00:59:13,649 --> 00:59:16,413 of Commander Arturo Araya Peters. 861 00:59:16,619 --> 00:59:19,520 His Excellency the President, Dr. Salvador Allende 862 00:59:19,855 --> 00:59:21,447 ministers of state 863 00:59:21,723 --> 00:59:23,714 heads of the armed forces 864 00:59:34,603 --> 00:59:37,697 The raids are intensified. 865 00:59:38,374 --> 00:59:41,036 On August 3, the army surrounds 866 00:59:41,243 --> 00:59:44,235 one of the main factories in Santiago's Cerrillos belt. 867 00:59:44,914 --> 00:59:48,850 These operations allow the army to check the terrain 868 00:59:49,051 --> 00:59:51,451 and study the workers' reactions. 869 00:59:53,489 --> 00:59:56,014 Their officers accustom the troops 870 00:59:56,225 --> 00:59:57,954 to confronting the civilian population 871 00:59:58,194 --> 01:00:00,788 and watch the behavior of their own soldiers. 872 01:00:02,098 --> 01:00:04,566 The next day, the army occupies 873 01:00:04,867 --> 01:00:07,097 the industrial area of Punta Arenas. 874 01:00:09,404 --> 01:00:12,965 To date, the army have carried out 27 raids 875 01:00:13,208 --> 01:00:15,904 throughout the country, without finding any arms. 876 01:00:16,378 --> 01:00:18,073 For the first time in an operation 877 01:00:18,314 --> 01:00:20,214 tanks are used. 878 01:00:25,654 --> 01:00:27,781 During this week, the transport operators 879 01:00:27,957 --> 01:00:30,221 call an indefinite stoppage. 880 01:00:30,659 --> 01:00:33,594 The extreme right wants to provoke economic chaos 881 01:00:33,796 --> 01:00:35,491 and sabotage the talks 882 01:00:35,731 --> 01:00:38,097 between the Head of State and the Christian Democracy. 883 01:00:39,735 --> 01:00:41,566 The carriers assemble their trucks 884 01:00:41,770 --> 01:00:43,601 at certain strategic points 885 01:00:43,806 --> 01:00:47,037 to make a show of strength and maintain internal cohesion. 886 01:00:51,214 --> 01:00:53,774 As the New York Times was to reveal later 887 01:00:53,983 --> 01:00:56,679 the strikers are financed by $5 million 888 01:00:56,886 --> 01:01:00,083 from the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA. 889 01:01:00,956 --> 01:01:04,585 Each of the 35,000 operators receives $4 a day 890 01:01:04,827 --> 01:01:06,988 at the black market exchange rate. 891 01:01:12,734 --> 01:01:15,328 Meanwhile, in the gardens of Congress 892 01:01:15,405 --> 01:01:17,600 just as happened with the copper strike 893 01:01:17,807 --> 01:01:21,971 the truckers' wives are given money and provisions. 894 01:01:27,449 --> 01:01:30,043 On July 31, the government decrees 895 01:01:30,253 --> 01:01:32,721 the legal resumption of work, and sends tractors 896 01:01:32,888 --> 01:01:35,789 to tow the paralyzed vehicles to Santiago. 897 01:01:37,058 --> 01:01:39,788 However, the operators react with violence 898 01:01:39,995 --> 01:01:43,192 and accuse the government of attacking private property. 899 01:01:44,666 --> 01:01:47,362 These events are filmed by TV's Channel 13 900 01:01:47,537 --> 01:01:49,334 which sympathizes with the strike. 901 01:01:54,510 --> 01:01:56,239 A few days later, Parliament 902 01:01:56,411 --> 01:01:58,504 along with the opposition journalists 903 01:01:58,747 --> 01:02:00,578 transform the incident into a scandal. 904 01:02:02,451 --> 01:02:05,249 Congress asks Channel 13 to re-broadcast 905 01:02:05,421 --> 01:02:07,321 their film of the events 906 01:02:07,457 --> 01:02:10,017 to help the deputies reach a judgment. 907 01:02:22,771 --> 01:02:24,705 Backing up the report 908 01:02:24,907 --> 01:02:28,035 the deputies retransmit these images to the public 909 01:02:28,243 --> 01:02:31,178 presenting them as an official document. 910 01:02:33,716 --> 01:02:37,982 This shows the opposition's power within the media 911 01:02:38,220 --> 01:02:41,587 and the freedom of speech tolerated by the government. 912 01:02:42,358 --> 01:02:44,553 The opposition block controls Channel 13 913 01:02:44,726 --> 01:02:46,250 Santiago's leading station 914 01:02:46,496 --> 01:02:49,090 as well as 75% of the radio stations 915 01:02:49,298 --> 01:02:51,823 and 70% of the written press. 916 01:02:53,002 --> 01:02:55,994 In this case, the seizure of the trucks 917 01:02:56,138 --> 01:02:59,699 fuels a campaign to discredit the government. 918 01:03:04,680 --> 01:03:06,841 While this is happening in Parliament 919 01:03:07,050 --> 01:03:09,678 talks between Allende and the Christian Democracy 920 01:03:09,851 --> 01:03:11,512 are deadlocked. 921 01:03:12,854 --> 01:03:14,344 The leaders of that party 922 01:03:14,523 --> 01:03:16,184 set 3 conditions for the President. 923 01:03:16,426 --> 01:03:19,691 He must submit to Congress' authority 924 01:03:19,929 --> 01:03:22,295 thus renouncing presidential powers 925 01:03:22,532 --> 01:03:24,397 held by other Chilean leaders. 926 01:03:24,900 --> 01:03:28,028 He must back down on his nationalization policy. 927 01:03:28,304 --> 01:03:31,762 Finally, he must grant key government posts 928 01:03:31,973 --> 01:03:34,567 to officers who are totally trusted 929 01:03:34,710 --> 01:03:36,268 by the Christian Democracy. 930 01:03:40,349 --> 01:03:41,543 In reply 931 01:03:41,783 --> 01:03:44,047 President Allende is opposed to this capitulation. 932 01:03:44,253 --> 01:03:45,550 That same day 933 01:03:45,754 --> 01:03:47,551 the Christian Democracy halts the talks. 934 01:03:54,396 --> 01:03:55,693 This being so 935 01:03:55,932 --> 01:03:59,197 the entire opposition joins the anti-government escalade. 936 01:03:59,768 --> 01:04:01,963 During July and August, terrorist groups 937 01:04:02,171 --> 01:04:04,731 trained by North American intelligence services 938 01:04:04,939 --> 01:04:08,875 carry out 250 attacks with dynamite and fire bombs. 939 01:04:10,879 --> 01:04:14,679 With this authority vacuum, Allende gets the support 940 01:04:14,883 --> 01:04:16,441 of the leaders of the armed forces 941 01:04:16,685 --> 01:04:18,312 and, faced with the situation 942 01:04:18,554 --> 01:04:20,954 the officers agree to share responsibilities. 943 01:04:21,456 --> 01:04:23,321 A country 944 01:04:23,558 --> 01:04:25,321 cannot live 945 01:04:25,527 --> 01:04:27,893 submitted to threats by the heartless. 946 01:04:28,898 --> 01:04:30,889 The streets of Santiago 947 01:04:31,233 --> 01:04:33,258 were strewn yesterday 948 01:04:33,769 --> 01:04:36,033 with publications like this. 949 01:04:36,505 --> 01:04:39,201 We must ask who is paying for them 950 01:04:39,408 --> 01:04:41,205 where are they printed 951 01:04:41,510 --> 01:04:44,604 which are the companies who are contributing 952 01:04:46,181 --> 01:04:48,513 to these attacks 953 01:04:48,984 --> 01:04:51,384 against national life, against the government 954 01:04:51,620 --> 01:04:53,315 against the country. 955 01:04:54,356 --> 01:04:56,916 "8 measures to depose the government". 956 01:04:58,528 --> 01:05:01,019 That is how shameless they are. 957 01:05:05,801 --> 01:05:07,530 This Cabinet 958 01:05:09,371 --> 01:05:11,362 must put an end 959 01:05:12,608 --> 01:05:16,066 to the fascist stoppage by the carriers 960 01:05:18,113 --> 01:05:19,944 by deciding 961 01:05:20,149 --> 01:05:22,811 to enforce the law implacably. 962 01:05:25,321 --> 01:05:29,621 It has the support of the vast majority of Chileans 963 01:05:30,159 --> 01:05:32,957 who want to avoid, by all possible means 964 01:05:33,128 --> 01:05:35,119 a civil war in our homeland. 965 01:05:40,402 --> 01:05:42,529 On August 9, the top military commanders 966 01:05:42,738 --> 01:05:44,205 are incorporated into the government. 967 01:05:44,440 --> 01:05:47,068 Gen. Prats, natural leader of the loyal officers 968 01:05:47,275 --> 01:05:49,106 occupies the Ministry of Defense. 969 01:05:49,344 --> 01:05:53,110 Command of the army falls, meanwhile, on Gen. Pinochet 970 01:05:53,315 --> 01:05:55,476 also considered a constitutionalist. 971 01:05:56,953 --> 01:05:59,513 This new cabinet is received with discrepancies 972 01:05:59,721 --> 01:06:01,382 by most of the politicians. 973 01:06:01,590 --> 01:06:02,887 The right reject it. 974 01:06:03,125 --> 01:06:05,719 The Christian Democracy show a division of opinion. 975 01:06:05,927 --> 01:06:07,451 The left has its doubts. 976 01:06:07,696 --> 01:06:10,665 Only two days later, the Communist and Socialist parties 977 01:06:10,866 --> 01:06:12,731 support Allende's decision. 978 01:06:13,334 --> 01:06:14,801 Thank you. 979 01:06:15,370 --> 01:06:17,031 The session is over. 980 01:06:33,021 --> 01:06:36,013 On August 11, the new cabinet takes the first steps 981 01:06:36,224 --> 01:06:37,748 to requisition trucks. 982 01:06:38,194 --> 01:06:40,628 But the initiatives taken by the commanders 983 01:06:40,829 --> 01:06:42,421 displease most of the officers 984 01:06:42,664 --> 01:06:44,632 who are sympathetic to the stoppage 985 01:06:45,000 --> 01:06:47,992 This shows that part of the military apparatus 986 01:06:48,170 --> 01:06:50,934 is also involved in the anti-government offensive. 987 01:06:52,141 --> 01:06:55,668 The U.S. Press later revealed that William Colby 988 01:06:55,877 --> 01:06:57,742 ex-director of the CIA 989 01:06:57,846 --> 01:06:59,973 never denied that it supported the preparation 990 01:07:00,215 --> 01:07:03,048 and financial maintenance of the strike 991 01:07:03,352 --> 01:07:05,946 when he was questioned by the House of Representatives 992 01:07:06,054 --> 01:07:08,682 in Washington, in October 1973. 993 01:07:21,070 --> 01:07:23,732 On August 12, the Christian Democrat Party 994 01:07:23,939 --> 01:07:26,407 officially announces its support for the strike. 995 01:07:26,775 --> 01:07:29,869 In factories, raw materials are diminishing 996 01:07:30,045 --> 01:07:32,411 and in the country seeds are scarce. 997 01:07:32,548 --> 01:07:33,845 In these circumstances 998 01:07:34,049 --> 01:07:36,847 the civil-military cabinet has failed. 999 01:07:49,832 --> 01:07:52,665 But the popular response to the strike continues. 1000 01:07:53,034 --> 01:07:54,899 The government and its supporters 1001 01:07:55,103 --> 01:07:58,368 arrange for products to be brought to distribution centers. 1002 01:07:58,941 --> 01:08:01,876 With shops closed, part of the population 1003 01:08:02,044 --> 01:08:03,739 supports the Provisions Council 1004 01:08:03,979 --> 01:08:06,413 and strengthens the "popular stores". 1005 01:08:07,382 --> 01:08:10,476 Each store is formed by the neighbors in a sector. 1006 01:08:10,686 --> 01:08:12,881 It buys food directly from the State 1007 01:08:13,054 --> 01:08:14,851 and sells it at cost price. 1008 01:08:15,023 --> 01:08:17,150 Soon, half of Santiago is benefiting 1009 01:08:17,327 --> 01:08:18,919 from direct provisioning. 1010 01:08:19,262 --> 01:08:24,325 Direct provisioning! 1011 01:08:26,804 --> 01:08:30,570 In some areas, the Industrial Belts send workers' pickets 1012 01:08:30,707 --> 01:08:33,972 to oversee distribution and open any closed shops. 1013 01:08:41,652 --> 01:08:42,914 At this moment, for the first time 1014 01:08:43,186 --> 01:08:44,949 popular power is ahead of the police 1015 01:08:45,190 --> 01:08:48,182 in maintaining public order and controlling tradesmen. 1016 01:08:50,394 --> 01:08:52,259 That's enough for now. 1017 01:08:53,730 --> 01:08:56,062 Please move the kids away. 1018 01:08:56,666 --> 01:08:59,066 This isn't a workers' stoppage. 1019 01:08:59,269 --> 01:09:01,328 It's a stoppage by the truck owners. 1020 01:09:01,572 --> 01:09:05,269 I don't think there's one worker with a truck on strike. 1021 01:09:05,475 --> 01:09:07,966 The ones on strike have got fleets of trucks. 1022 01:09:08,179 --> 01:09:10,670 They're keeping this useless strike going. 1023 01:09:11,048 --> 01:09:14,313 This stoppage is clearly political. 1024 01:09:15,585 --> 01:09:20,113 And it is we, the people, who are being harmed by it. 1025 01:09:20,291 --> 01:09:24,125 We're the ones who have to put up with waiting in these lines. 1026 01:09:24,293 --> 01:09:27,285 If all the trucks went back to work 1027 01:09:27,430 --> 01:09:29,022 we wouldn't have all these lines. 1028 01:09:29,233 --> 01:09:31,929 But the workers went out on the street. 1029 01:09:32,202 --> 01:09:35,262 We went out and fought and did our duty as workers 1030 01:09:35,439 --> 01:09:38,340 defending our workplaces and continuing production 1031 01:09:38,509 --> 01:09:41,478 and loading goods with our bare hands 1032 01:09:41,644 --> 01:09:44,511 so that the towns didn't go short of food. 1033 01:09:44,680 --> 01:09:47,945 The workers showed that to our President 1034 01:09:48,117 --> 01:09:49,345 and the authorities. 1035 01:09:52,323 --> 01:09:54,791 Some of the carriers who support the government 1036 01:09:54,992 --> 01:09:56,186 organize convoys 1037 01:09:56,425 --> 01:09:59,121 to distribute food in the provinces. 1038 01:10:00,397 --> 01:10:03,855 The population also develops a family supply system 1039 01:10:04,102 --> 01:10:06,263 called "the people's basket". 1040 01:10:08,638 --> 01:10:16,465 No compromise on defending the people's basket! 1041 01:10:20,784 --> 01:10:23,651 How do you see the government's attitude? 1042 01:10:23,853 --> 01:10:25,980 The government's attitude 1043 01:10:26,490 --> 01:10:28,151 has to be to maneuver. 1044 01:10:28,392 --> 01:10:30,883 If you were the government, you'd have to do the same. 1045 01:10:31,127 --> 01:10:34,119 The government has to walk a tightrope at times. 1046 01:10:34,731 --> 01:10:38,132 I believe that this isn't the government's fault. 1047 01:10:38,335 --> 01:10:41,998 For me, as a Marxist socialist from 1932 to the present 1048 01:10:42,505 --> 01:10:45,406 because I was in the fight for the Socialist Republic 1049 01:10:45,542 --> 01:10:50,570 and I knew comrade Grove and he made one mistake. 1050 01:10:50,747 --> 01:10:52,874 When the people asked him for arms 1051 01:10:53,050 --> 01:10:55,245 he wouldn't give them any. 1052 01:10:55,451 --> 01:10:59,512 Of course, it would have been an uncontrollable massacre. 1053 01:10:59,722 --> 01:11:02,213 And then what would have happened? 1054 01:11:02,492 --> 01:11:07,225 Even now, I think we're still far from having 1055 01:11:07,397 --> 01:11:08,830 a good front. 1056 01:11:09,066 --> 01:11:10,897 We just don't have one. 1057 01:11:11,100 --> 01:11:12,829 We've got anti-fascist organizations 1058 01:11:13,070 --> 01:11:15,334 and defense committees, but we're lacking 1059 01:11:15,572 --> 01:11:18,439 provincial and national coordination 1060 01:11:18,642 --> 01:11:20,234 in order to act on one front. 1061 01:11:20,444 --> 01:11:24,210 We can't let what happened in Spain happen here. 1062 01:11:24,413 --> 01:11:26,574 There was a party division 1063 01:11:27,150 --> 01:11:29,118 the anarcho-syndicalists on one side 1064 01:11:29,352 --> 01:11:30,580 the socialists on the other 1065 01:11:30,821 --> 01:11:32,948 and Franco's fascism got into power. 1066 01:11:37,661 --> 01:11:39,458 Meanwhile, in Valparaíso 1067 01:11:39,662 --> 01:11:42,426 some sailors discover the naval conspiracy 1068 01:11:42,631 --> 01:11:45,225 and inform several left-wing leaders. 1069 01:11:46,535 --> 01:11:49,265 This action is discovered by the commanders 1070 01:11:49,339 --> 01:11:51,136 and the sailors are accused of mutiny 1071 01:11:51,306 --> 01:11:53,137 jailed and submitted to torture. 1072 01:12:00,516 --> 01:12:03,610 On August 22, the opposition 1073 01:12:03,821 --> 01:12:06,312 breaks definitively with the constitutional regime. 1074 01:12:06,891 --> 01:12:09,155 The agreement, without any legal basis 1075 01:12:09,359 --> 01:12:11,259 says the government "would be violating the Constitution" 1076 01:12:11,495 --> 01:12:14,191 and is an open invitation for military intervention. 1077 01:12:14,565 --> 01:12:16,226 Supported by a simple majority 1078 01:12:16,465 --> 01:12:19,525 this declaration justifies military rebellion 1079 01:12:19,769 --> 01:12:22,294 and legitimizes the coup. 1080 01:12:39,790 --> 01:12:42,520 From this point, events occur rapidly. 1081 01:12:42,726 --> 01:12:44,887 A group of women gather outside the house 1082 01:12:45,127 --> 01:12:47,652 of Army Commander Gen. Carlos Prats 1083 01:12:47,897 --> 01:12:49,592 natural leader of the officers 1084 01:12:49,833 --> 01:12:51,391 who respect the democratic system. 1085 01:12:55,472 --> 01:12:58,669 The rally, in which the wives of 6 generals take part 1086 01:12:58,875 --> 01:13:00,502 is to show Carlos Prats 1087 01:13:00,709 --> 01:13:03,143 that he no longer has the top military support. 1088 01:13:03,378 --> 01:13:06,438 The next day, the Council of Generals refuses to back him 1089 01:13:06,650 --> 01:13:08,242 and Carlos Prats decides to resign. 1090 01:13:09,787 --> 01:13:12,153 - Faggots! - Lousy faggots! 1091 01:13:14,091 --> 01:13:15,991 Generals Pickering and Sepúlveda 1092 01:13:16,226 --> 01:13:18,751 the main loyal commanders, also resign. 1093 01:13:18,994 --> 01:13:21,895 Augusto Pinochet, seemingly a professional soldier 1094 01:13:22,098 --> 01:13:23,565 who respects the Constitution 1095 01:13:23,766 --> 01:13:25,961 becomes the new Commander-in-Chief. 1096 01:13:35,144 --> 01:13:36,873 While the conspiracy progresses 1097 01:13:37,047 --> 01:13:39,709 the civilian opposition begins the final offensive. 1098 01:13:39,882 --> 01:13:42,407 On August 14, in the Catholic University 1099 01:13:42,586 --> 01:13:44,611 the women from "Feminine Power" 1100 01:13:44,821 --> 01:13:47,415 meet to support the transport strike. 1101 01:13:49,126 --> 01:13:52,789 That is why this strike by the carriers 1102 01:13:53,029 --> 01:13:56,192 which was avoided in October 1972 1103 01:13:56,399 --> 01:13:58,299 will, this time, have to be a battle 1104 01:13:58,534 --> 01:14:00,229 to the final consequences. 1105 01:14:00,437 --> 01:14:03,668 This is how it is seen by all of us 1106 01:14:03,941 --> 01:14:06,603 who support the carriers in their just struggle. 1107 01:14:17,186 --> 01:14:19,654 Days later, the government's enemies 1108 01:14:19,856 --> 01:14:22,120 ask for the President's resignation. 1109 01:14:22,391 --> 01:14:24,018 3 years of economic war 1110 01:14:24,261 --> 01:14:27,094 have let the White House and the internal opposition 1111 01:14:27,264 --> 01:14:29,824 win a large sector of the middle class. 1112 01:14:30,034 --> 01:14:31,934 This is where the rebel officers 1113 01:14:32,169 --> 01:14:35,627 find the social support for continuing with their plans. 1114 01:14:55,560 --> 01:14:58,586 September 4 is the third anniversary 1115 01:14:58,795 --> 01:15:00,956 of Salvador Allende's electoral triumph. 1116 01:15:01,296 --> 01:15:03,958 Despite the crisis, government sympathizers 1117 01:15:04,201 --> 01:15:06,362 organize one of the biggest demonstrations 1118 01:15:06,569 --> 01:15:08,298 in the country's political history. 1119 01:15:47,076 --> 01:15:50,239 From 5:00 p.m., more than 800,000 people 1120 01:15:50,413 --> 01:15:52,813 file past the President of the Republic. 1121 01:15:53,549 --> 01:15:57,246 Three days later, Allende tells his collaborators 1122 01:15:57,420 --> 01:15:59,183 that he wants to hold a plebiscite 1123 01:15:59,255 --> 01:16:02,713 to resolve the government's continuity in a democratic way. 1124 01:16:04,161 --> 01:16:06,891 The chosen date for announcing the plebiscite 1125 01:16:07,063 --> 01:16:09,327 is September 11. 1126 01:16:10,867 --> 01:16:14,496 We'll cut the dick off the "mummy" who speculates! 1127 01:16:14,703 --> 01:16:18,469 If that won't do, we'll cut his balls off too! 1128 01:16:26,482 --> 01:16:31,112 Workers, let's go into action and stop the rebellion! 1129 01:16:34,925 --> 01:16:39,385 Young Communists of Chile! 1130 01:16:39,929 --> 01:16:47,847 Allende, Allende, the people will defend you! 1131 01:17:14,664 --> 01:17:18,259 Young Communists of Chile! 1132 01:17:20,871 --> 01:17:23,362 Keep fighting, President! 1133 01:17:23,807 --> 01:17:26,298 - Hurrah for Allende! - Hurrah! 1134 01:17:26,809 --> 01:17:32,759 Popular Unity, keep fighting! 1135 01:17:32,983 --> 01:17:39,968 We'll fight and we'll create popular power! 1136 01:17:43,027 --> 01:17:46,656 The Socialist Party of Chile! 1137 01:17:51,167 --> 01:17:55,934 Socialist Youth! 1138 01:17:56,440 --> 01:18:04,097 The expropriated factories will never be handed back! 1139 01:18:06,582 --> 01:18:08,777 The time for conciliation is over! 1140 01:18:09,019 --> 01:18:10,919 It's time to fight! 1141 01:18:14,991 --> 01:18:22,045 People, awareness, arms! 1142 01:18:27,837 --> 01:18:30,829 - Louder! - MAPU! 1143 01:18:31,073 --> 01:18:32,768 Shout it louder! 1144 01:18:32,974 --> 01:18:34,498 MAPU! 1145 01:18:42,951 --> 01:18:46,944 Allende, don't worry, the people are with you! 1146 01:18:47,190 --> 01:18:50,819 Allende, don't worry, the people are with you! 1147 01:19:07,709 --> 01:19:10,269 Faced with the people, mobilized but unarmed 1148 01:19:10,479 --> 01:19:11,776 the internal opposition 1149 01:19:12,014 --> 01:19:13,538 and the U.S. State Department 1150 01:19:13,748 --> 01:19:15,613 decide to play their last card. 1151 01:19:19,956 --> 01:19:25,223 The morning of September 11. The voice of President Allende. 1152 01:19:25,994 --> 01:19:28,588 Confirmed reports have said 1153 01:19:28,865 --> 01:19:33,734 that a sector of the navy 1154 01:19:34,471 --> 01:19:36,803 has isolated Valparaíso 1155 01:19:37,541 --> 01:19:39,702 and that the city is occupied. 1156 01:19:40,177 --> 01:19:43,044 In any case, I am here 1157 01:19:43,245 --> 01:19:45,213 in the government palace 1158 01:19:45,447 --> 01:19:48,541 and I'll stay here, defending 1159 01:19:50,153 --> 01:19:53,611 the government I represent by the will of the people. 1160 01:19:57,793 --> 01:20:00,921 On September 11, the navy unleashes the coup 1161 01:20:01,063 --> 01:20:02,428 in the port of Valparaíso. 1162 01:20:02,666 --> 01:20:05,100 At the same time, four North American destroyers 1163 01:20:05,302 --> 01:20:06,633 move close to the Chilean coast 1164 01:20:06,869 --> 01:20:09,030 to take part in "Operation Unitas" 1165 01:20:09,206 --> 01:20:11,970 and maintain contact with the mutineers. 1166 01:20:16,947 --> 01:20:19,074 At 7:30, President Allende 1167 01:20:19,281 --> 01:20:22,216 has arrived at the palace to give instructions. 1168 01:20:22,585 --> 01:20:24,052 The situation is critical. 1169 01:20:24,320 --> 01:20:25,844 There is no joint plan 1170 01:20:26,022 --> 01:20:27,853 for the armed defense of the government. 1171 01:20:28,891 --> 01:20:30,290 During the early morning 1172 01:20:30,559 --> 01:20:34,017 most of the constitutionalist officers have been neutralized. 1173 01:20:36,799 --> 01:20:39,700 At 8:00 a.m., several Air Force planes 1174 01:20:39,903 --> 01:20:41,996 start to fly over the capital. 1175 01:20:42,606 --> 01:20:45,268 At 8:20, the leaders of the uprising 1176 01:20:45,475 --> 01:20:47,033 demand the President's resignation 1177 01:20:47,243 --> 01:20:49,575 and offer him a plane in which to leave the country. 1178 01:20:50,078 --> 01:20:53,343 At 9:15, the constitutional President prepares to fight 1179 01:20:53,514 --> 01:20:55,141 and speaks again by radio. 1180 01:20:56,151 --> 01:20:58,517 The Air Force has bombed 1181 01:20:58,588 --> 01:21:03,025 the masts of "Radio Portales" and "Radio Corporacin". 1182 01:21:05,128 --> 01:21:06,755 This being so 1183 01:21:07,462 --> 01:21:09,828 it only remains for me to say to the workers 1184 01:21:10,066 --> 01:21:12,193 I am not going to give up. 1185 01:21:14,903 --> 01:21:17,303 Placed in an historical transition 1186 01:21:18,107 --> 01:21:22,407 I shall repay the loyalty of the people with my life. 1187 01:21:25,515 --> 01:21:29,508 History is ours, and it is made by the people. 1188 01:21:30,519 --> 01:21:32,817 Long live Chile! Long live the people! 1189 01:21:33,155 --> 01:21:34,952 Long live the workers! 1190 01:21:52,641 --> 01:21:54,768 After a few hours of resistance 1191 01:21:54,944 --> 01:21:57,742 the military sends Allende an ultimatum. 1192 01:21:58,146 --> 01:22:01,081 If he doesn't surrender, the planes will begin bombing. 1193 01:22:01,517 --> 01:22:02,677 At this 1194 01:22:02,917 --> 01:22:04,976 the President gives the palace guard 1195 01:22:05,154 --> 01:22:08,555 freedom of action, and they abandon the building. 1196 01:22:09,158 --> 01:22:11,649 President Allende, who refuses to surrender 1197 01:22:11,828 --> 01:22:13,728 is accompanied by 40 civilians 1198 01:22:13,929 --> 01:22:15,988 prepared to face the attack. 1199 01:23:12,655 --> 01:23:13,986 Despite the bombardment 1200 01:23:14,190 --> 01:23:16,317 the palace defenders hold out for 3 hours. 1201 01:23:16,492 --> 01:23:18,187 At the same time, there are skirmishes 1202 01:23:18,393 --> 01:23:20,384 in parts of Santiago and the provinces. 1203 01:23:23,399 --> 01:23:27,233 At 2:15 p.m., President Allende dies in La Moneda. 1204 01:23:32,508 --> 01:23:33,873 At 9:00 p.m. 1205 01:23:34,109 --> 01:23:37,135 the leaders of the uprising speak to the country. 1206 01:23:38,514 --> 01:23:40,914 The armed forces 1207 01:23:41,449 --> 01:23:43,917 have acted today 1208 01:23:44,354 --> 01:23:47,812 solely from the patriotic inspiration 1209 01:23:48,023 --> 01:23:50,389 of saving the country 1210 01:23:50,592 --> 01:23:52,287 from the tremendous chaos 1211 01:23:52,495 --> 01:23:55,931 into which it was being plunged 1212 01:23:56,099 --> 01:23:59,933 by the Marxist government of Salvador Allende. 1213 01:24:01,036 --> 01:24:06,429 The Junta will maintain judicial power 1214 01:24:06,876 --> 01:24:10,277 and consultantship of the Public Accounts Control. 1215 01:24:10,879 --> 01:24:16,818 The Chambers will remain in recess until further orders. 1216 01:24:18,054 --> 01:24:19,646 That is all. 1217 01:24:23,760 --> 01:24:25,557 It may be sad 1218 01:24:25,761 --> 01:24:29,390 to have broken a democratic tradition 1219 01:24:30,700 --> 01:24:32,861 which on this continent 1220 01:24:33,535 --> 01:24:35,594 was of long standing. 1221 01:24:37,206 --> 01:24:39,902 But when the State loses its qualities 1222 01:24:40,976 --> 01:24:43,001 there are those 1223 01:24:44,379 --> 01:24:47,405 who, by mandate 1224 01:24:48,182 --> 01:24:51,743 have to enforce them, and take on that task. 1225 01:24:52,055 --> 01:24:53,716 We are doing that today. 1226 01:24:54,289 --> 01:24:56,689 We are sure that all of Chile 1227 01:24:57,160 --> 01:24:59,924 has to understand the sacrifice that entails. 1228 01:25:01,329 --> 01:25:03,797 It isn't a matter of squashing tendencies 1229 01:25:03,966 --> 01:25:05,695 or ideological trends 1230 01:25:05,902 --> 01:25:08,132 or carrying out personal revenge 1231 01:25:08,471 --> 01:25:11,872 but, as I said, of reestablishing public order 1232 01:25:12,073 --> 01:25:14,701 and returning the country to observance 1233 01:25:14,977 --> 01:25:18,276 of the Republic's Constitution and laws. 1234 01:25:19,716 --> 01:25:21,843 After three years 1235 01:25:22,218 --> 01:25:25,210 of suffering the Marxist cancer 1236 01:25:25,721 --> 01:25:27,780 which led us 1237 01:25:28,156 --> 01:25:32,923 to economic, moral and social disaster 1238 01:25:33,829 --> 01:25:36,764 and which could no longer be tolerated 1239 01:25:38,600 --> 01:25:43,936 for the sacred interests of the homeland 1240 01:25:44,908 --> 01:25:47,433 we found ourselves obliged 1241 01:25:47,577 --> 01:25:52,480 to take on the sad and painful mission 1242 01:25:52,948 --> 01:25:54,973 which we have undertaken. 1243 01:25:55,517 --> 01:25:57,382 We are not afraid. 1244 01:25:57,585 --> 01:25:59,576 We know the enormous responsibility 1245 01:25:59,787 --> 01:26:01,914 that will rest on our shoulders. 1246 01:26:02,791 --> 01:26:05,259 But we are convinced 1247 01:26:05,494 --> 01:26:07,621 we are quite sure 1248 01:26:07,897 --> 01:26:10,798 that the vast majority of the Chilean people 1249 01:26:11,200 --> 01:26:13,031 are with us. 1250 01:26:13,369 --> 01:26:16,270 They are willing to fight against Marxism! 1251 01:26:16,405 --> 01:26:18,805 They are willing to stamp it out 1252 01:26:19,007 --> 01:26:20,975 down to the final consequences! 1253 01:26:29,752 --> 01:26:31,344 From September 11 1254 01:26:31,587 --> 01:26:34,055 all the army's resources are used 1255 01:26:34,257 --> 01:26:36,054 to repress the popular movement 1256 01:26:36,291 --> 01:26:38,657 with the compliance of the U.S. Government. 1257 01:26:39,661 --> 01:26:43,028 The initial armed resistance by some industrial belts 1258 01:26:43,164 --> 01:26:45,132 towns, mines and agricultural centers 1259 01:26:45,367 --> 01:26:47,961 is quickly crushed in an unequal fight. 1260 01:27:00,649 --> 01:27:02,344 Thousands of people lose their lives 1261 01:27:02,619 --> 01:27:04,052 and the main sports stadiums 1262 01:27:04,354 --> 01:27:06,379 are turned into concentration camps. 1263 01:27:07,189 --> 01:27:08,918 The longest representative democracy 1264 01:27:09,125 --> 01:27:11,559 in Latin American history has ceased to exist. 1265 01:27:12,395 --> 01:27:15,023 Nevertheless, on that same September 11 1266 01:27:15,297 --> 01:27:17,527 the democratic forces begin to reorganize 1267 01:27:17,767 --> 01:27:20,099 and adopt numerous forms of resistance. 1268 01:27:22,236 --> 01:27:24,761 The battle of Chile is not over yet. 1269 01:27:28,477 --> 01:27:30,968 They have the strength. 1270 01:27:31,214 --> 01:27:34,047 They can subjugate us, 1271 01:27:34,315 --> 01:27:37,409 but they cannot stop social processes 1272 01:27:37,653 --> 01:27:42,750 with crime or with strength. 1273 01:27:43,491 --> 01:27:46,051 History is ours 1274 01:27:46,295 --> 01:27:48,855 and it is made by the people. 1275 01:27:49,331 --> 01:27:52,232 You must always know 1276 01:27:52,468 --> 01:27:56,529 that sooner rather than later 1277 01:27:56,806 --> 01:28:00,003 they will open the great avenues 1278 01:28:00,243 --> 01:28:03,303 where man can walk free 1279 01:28:03,545 --> 01:28:08,710 and build a better society.